A study on the efficacy and safety of aprepitant injection in preventing and treating nausea and vomiting induced by platinum‐based chemotherapy in lung cancer

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of aprepitant injection in preventing and treating nausea and vomiting induced by platinum‐based chemotherapy in lung cancer patients. Forty‐eight patients with advanced first‐line lung cancer undergoing cisplatin‐ or carboplatin‐based chemotherapy were randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group, with 24 patients in each group. The control group received dexamethasone and palonosetron for vomiting prevention, whereas the experimental group received dexamethasone, palonosetron, and aprepitant injection. The study compared the incidence of acute and delayed vomiting, functional life index (FLIE) scores for nausea and vomiting at 24 and 120 h postchemotherapy and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions between the two groups. The effective control rate of acute‐phase vomiting in the treatment group was 83.33%, significantly higher than 45.83% in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (p < .05). The treatment group also demonstrated a higher effective control rate of delayed vomiting, with 75% compared with 41.67% in the control group, which was statistically significant (p < .05). Furthermore, FLIE scores in the treatment group at 24 and 120 h after chemotherapy were higher compared with the control group, with a statistically significant difference (p < .05). The incidence of complications such as fatigue, headache, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccup, and constipation showed no significant difference between the two groups (p > .05). Aprepitant injection effectively prevents platinum‐based chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting, enhances patients' quality of life, and demonstrates good safety, justifying its clinical adoption.