A study on the influencing factors regarding energy consumption of electric vehicles

Kremzow-Tennie, Simeon; Hellwig, M.; Pautzke, Friedbert

doi:10.1109/rem49740.2020.9313934

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This is one of the crucial elements in determining the fuel efficiency in the magic triangle of green tyres. The DMA measurements can give a good insight to rolling resistance and wet grip properties through viscoelastic response of the material under a temperature sweeping condition at constant stress and frequency [28]. Tan δ of temperature sweep measurements of DMA at 0˚C and 60˚C respectively give a detailed idea about wet grip and rolling resistance properties respectively.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature On the Visco-elastic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring of performance characteristics of green tyre tread formulation using thermally exfoliated graphite/ carbon black binary filler system via scalable and competent method

Jandas

Jose

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The present study is proposing an eco-friendly, green tyre tread formulation possessing excellent output properties in terms of abrasion resistance, mechanical, rolling resistance and heat buildup properties. A standard formulation was prepared with a nominal amount of carbon black (CB) filler and tried to reduce the filler loading to a minimum value without compromising the performance characteristics. The simultaneous reduction in aromatic oil content also tried to make the formulation eco-friendly. To compensate for the effect of changes in the formulation a binary hybrid filler system was prepared by the partial replacement of CB using graphite. To ensure the maximum dispersion, a filler masterbatch of graphite was prepared within natural rubber matrix (NR) as (50/50) composition and incorporated into the compound master batch. The effect of thermal exfoliation of graphite on the dispersion thereby the performance of the composite was also analyzed. The graphite was thermally treated for a sudden thermal shock for 15 minutes at various temperatures ranging from 400–550 ˚C. Rolling resistance and heat build-up were recorded 45% and 53% reduction respectively for the formulations with thermally exfoliated graphite in comparison with the standard formulation. Abrasion resistance showed 18% improvement and significant improvement in mechanical and thermal properties are also reported.

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Section: Effect Of Temperature On the Visco-elastic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring of performance characteristics of green tyre tread formulation using thermally exfoliated graphite/ carbon black binary filler system via scalable and competent method

Jandas

Jose

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is one of the crucial elements in determining the fuel efficiency in the magic triangle of green tyres. The DMA measurements can give a good insight to rolling resistance and wet grip properties through viscoelastic response of the material under at temperature sweeping condition at constant stress and frequency 31 . Tan δ of temperature sweep measurements of DMA at 0 and 60°C respectively give a detailed idea about wet grip and rolling resistance properties respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the low rolling resistance, wet grip, and heat build‐up properties of tyre tread formulations using carbon black/thermally exfoliated graphite hybrid fillers

Jandas

Jose

Ajnas

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Ecofriendly green tyre tread compounds were developed with low rolling resistance, low heat buildup, and improved wet grip properties. A standard formulation of natural rubber (NR) and butadiene (BR) with 50 phr carbon black was prepared in a brabender plasticoder. Based on the processability, successful reduction of carbon black and aromatic oil content was done up to a minimum value of 32 and 3 phr respectively. Partial replacement of graphite with carbon black was done to achieve the optimized formulation. A binary filler system with 10 phr graphite and 22 phr carbon black was optimized based on the mechanical properties and further addition of graphite leads to reduction in properties due to agglomeration. To enhance the properties further, the graphite was thermally treated to get an exfoliated structure which can significantly improve the area of the filler/matrix macromolecules interface. This ultimately had a positive impact on targeted properties. A sudden thermal shock for 15 min at various temperatures ranging from 400 to 550 C was given and prepared the optimized binary formulation and evaluated the properties. Excellent results in terms of low rolling resistance (0.039) and heat build-up (18 C) were recorded for final formulation. The flex fatigue resistance was enhanced and the thermal stability improved by 29 C.

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“…Moreover, an increase in Mv significantly shows a negative trend on the EC and DR as it notably increases the rolling resistive force (Fro) of EVs and leads to inefficient operating regions of powertrain components. Also, the DR is reduced as an increase in Mv leads to lower regeneration capability because of the increase in the usage of mechanical brakes [223]. Similarly, aerodynamic force parameters related to the vehicle like Cd and Af have significantly affected the EC and DR at high speeds than low speeds [224].…”

Section: Effect Of Different Input Variables On Ev Powertrain Perform...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Electric Vehicle Driving Range and Performance Characteristics: A Review on Analytical Modeling Strategies With Its Influential Factors and Improvisation Techniques

Gurusamy,

Ashok,

Mason

2023

IEEE Access

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Electric mobility is getting prominence in modern transportation as government policies aim to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the context of real-time testing, numerical modelling and simulation of electric vehicle (EV) powertrains play a vital role in developing an efficient electric powertrain and charging infrastructure as it consumes less time and cost. Also, it enhances the overall performance by optimizing the size and configuration of the EV powertrain under different driving conditions. Thus, the review paper explores the different modelling approaches used for estimating the energy consumption (EC) and driving range (DR) initially. Further, the vehicle analytical model is discussed in detail with sub-models of powertrain components and vehicle dynamics, which have the mathematical correlation related to power losses and energy flow. Additionally, the necessity, development process, characterization and accuracy of localized driving cycles (DCs) and commonly used driver controller models for EVs are critically elaborated. Further, the impact of various influential input parameters such as vehicle parameters and driving conditions on EV performance characteristics is analyzed along with different improvisation methods utilized in the existing literature. From this extensive review, it can be concluded that simulation results by using an analytical vehicle model have good accuracy with chassis dynamometer-based testing and it can be used for optimizing the size and configuration of EV powertrain components under different scenarios. Finally, the present status and future research required in the field of EV powertrain development through modelling and simulation are summarized to extend the application of EVs in transportation sectors.

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A study on the influencing factors regarding energy consumption of electric vehicles

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Tailoring of performance characteristics of green tyre tread formulation using thermally exfoliated graphite/ carbon black binary filler system via scalable and competent method

Tailoring of performance characteristics of green tyre tread formulation using thermally exfoliated graphite/ carbon black binary filler system via scalable and competent method

Tuning the low rolling resistance, wet grip, and heat build‐up properties of tyre tread formulations using carbon black/thermally exfoliated graphite hybrid fillers

Prediction of Electric Vehicle Driving Range and Performance Characteristics: A Review on Analytical Modeling Strategies With Its Influential Factors and Improvisation Techniques

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