“…In this study, we focus on continuum-level mesoscale modeling, which admits simulating large ensembles of grains, while being efficient and incorporating the underlying deformation modes to investigate the microstructure evolution. When adopting the nomenclature of Liu et al (2017), phenomenological mesoscale approaches can be categorized as top-down (Ardeljan et al, 2016;Knezevic et al, 2009;Tam et al, 2020;Chen et al, 2020) and bottom-up (Chang and Kochmann, 2015;Liu et al, 2017;Zhang and Joshi, 2012;Kweon and Raja, 2021) based on the model calibration. Top-down approaches use experimental polycrystal data to calibrate the model parameters, whereas bottom-up approaches calibrate a single-crystal plasticity (SCP) model with available experimental data and use that SCP description locally in a polycrystalline simulation framework.…”