A Study on the Optimal Positions of ECG Electrodes in a Garment for the Design of ECG-Monitoring Clothing for Male

Abstract

Smart clothing is a sort of wearable device used for ubiquitous health monitoring. It provides comfort and efficiency in vital sign measurements and has been studied and developed in various types of monitoring platforms such as T-shirt and sports bra. However, despite these previous approaches, smart clothing for electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring has encountered a serious shortcoming relevant to motion artifacts caused by wearer movement. In effect, motion artifacts are one of the major problems in practical implementation of most wearable health-monitoring devices. In the ECG measurements collected by a garment, motion artifacts are usually caused by improper location of the electrode, leading to lack of contact between the electrode and skin with body motion. The aim of this study was to suggest a design for ECG-monitoring clothing contributing to reduction of motion artifacts. Based on the clothing science theory, it was assumed in this study that the stability of the electrode in a dynamic state differed depending on the electrode location in an ECG-monitoring garment. Founded on this assumption, effects of 56 electrode positions were determined by sectioning the surface of the garment into grids with 6 cm intervals in the front and back of the bodice. In order to determine the optimal locations of the ECG electrodes from the 56 positions, ECG measurements were collected from 10 participants at every electrode position in the garment while the wearer was in motion. The electrode locations indicating both an ECG measurement rate higher than 80.0 % and a large amplitude during motion were selected as the optimal electrode locations. The results of this analysis show four electrode locations with consistently higher ECG measurement rates and larger amplitudes amongst the 56 locations. These four locations were abstracted to be least affected by wearer movement in this research. Based on this result, a design of the garment-formed ECG monitoring platform reflecting the optimal positions of the electrode was suggested.

Controlling the Structures, Flexibility, Conductivity Stability of Three-Dimensional Conductive Networks of Silver Nanoparticles/Carbon-Based Nanomaterials with Nanodispersion and their Application in Wearable Electronic Sensors

“…Due to the change in demographics of the global population, the increase in the percentage of elderly people in society may become the most dominant and influential phenomenon in the 21st century [1]. As a result, portable or wearable devices and vital sign measurement techniques have been…”

Signal Quality Assessment of a Novel ECG Electrode for Motion Artifact Reduction

“…Inspired by the results presented in [ 34 ], suggesting that the electrode positions approximately equal to A and I are the least affected by motion artifacts, lead AI was chosen for signal quality assessment. Considering that the Piotrode was designed with the aim to reduce motion artifacts, lead AI is then likely the least favorable lead to use for such assessment.…”

“…Thus, lead AI views the electrical activity of the heart in a left-to-right direction. To avoid favoring the Piotrode, lead AI was chosen for signal quality assessment as it tends to be less affected by motion artifacts than leads positioned higher up on the chest [ 34 ]. The same ground electrode was used by both electrodes.…”

Pharma 4.0–IMPACT of the Internet of Things on Health Care

“…For example, A small multi-therapy pump for ambulatory application developed by Baxter to use for pain and also it is wireless communication and user friendly [27]. And also Philips was developed smart clothing sport wear while playing sports it can measure several biosensors like BP, body temperature, Heartbeat, and other vital signals [24)], ECG monitoring [28]. The amount of Smart Clothing available in the market has drastically increased during the third era, from 2001 to 2004, e. g. MET5TM jacket from The North Face (Ward, 2001), smart shoes from Adidas (Momphard, 2004) and sweatshirts from GapKid with embedded FM radio (CNN, 2004) [29].…”