A study to compare the effects of aerobic exercises and yoga on depression and maternal anxiety orienting among primiparous women

Abstract

Introduction and Aim: Primiparous women undergo stages of depression or anxiety during pregnancy especially the risk of preterm birth, breast-feeding problems and disruption of the mother-infant attachment. It is a most common psychiatric disorder and is associated with a greater risk of low fetal quality, Pregnancy complication and developmental disorder of the child. During pregnancy 10-15% women were affected with depression and the incidence increases in low economic status. It is associated with greater risk of prenatal and perinatal complication. In recent years the physical therapy is associated with psychological health in pregnant women. Physical activity during pregnancy is more beneficial to the maternal fetal unit and it may prevent recurrence of maternal disorders. The objective of this study is to compare the effects of aerobic exercise and yoga on depression and maternal anxiety orienting among primiparous women.
 Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted with 30 subjects at ACS Medical College and Hospital, from January 2018 to March 2018. The outcome measures of CES-D scale were used to assess the severity of depression and anxiety. Group A received Aerobic exercise for 30 minutes initially started with warm up for 10 minutes and followed by 10 minutes stretching and 10 minutes relaxation. Group B received yoga for 20 minutes up to 3 months. The treatment duration was followed from the 16 to 20 weeks of gestation for 3 months.
 Results: On comparing the mean values of group A and group B on centre for epidemiological studies depression scale score, it showed significant decrease in the post test mean values of group A (24.60) and group B (24.40) at P ? 0.001. Hence both the groups were equally effective in decreasing the depression and maternal anxiety among primiparous women.
 Conclusion: This study concluded that the aerobic and yoga showed significant effect in both groups for reducing the symptoms of depression and anxiety among primiparous women.
 Keywords: Primiparous women; aerobic exercises; yoga; CES - D scale.

The characteristics and effectiveness of pregnancy yoga interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The characteristics of the included studies according to the FITT principle of exercise prescription are described (Table 1 ). Thirteen of the included studies originated from India [ 13 , 28 – 39 ] eight from the USA [ 8 , 11 , 40 – 45 ], three from Iran [ 46 – 48 ], two each from China [ 49 , 50 ] and Indonesia [ 51 , 52 ] and one each from Japan, Thailand and the UK [ 53 – 55 ]. Twenty-five of the studies were RCTs, three were non-randomised control trials and three were a true-experimental post-test only control group design.…”

“…Twenty-five of the studies were RCTs, three were non-randomised control trials and three were a true-experimental post-test only control group design. Twenty studies were conducted with normal healthy pregnant women [ 8 , 13 , 29 – 31 , 34 – 36 , 38 , 43 , 46 – 55 ], two with multi-factor high-risk pregnant women [ 28 , 32 ], six with pregnant women with depression or symptoms of depression [ 11 , 39 – 42 , 44 ], one with pregnant women with gestational diabetes [ 33 ], one with pregnant women with mild hypertension [ 37 ] and one with high-risk pregnant women on bedrest [ 45 ]. The gestational age at recruitment across studies ranged from 12 to 36 weeks.…”

“…The frequency of the pregnancy yoga intervention ranged from a single session to daily, session length ranged from 20to 120 min and intensity ranged from a single session to availability of 126 practice sessions. Four studies classified the yoga intervention as yoga therapy [ 28 , 30 , 34 , 35 ], eighteen yoga sessions [ 8 , 11 , 33 , 36 , 39 , 43 – 55 ], three yoga postures [ 40 – 42 ], five integrated yoga therapy [ 13 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 37 ] and one did not provide details [ 38 ]. All yoga interventions used physical postures.…”

“…Twelve RCTs with 679 participants reported post-intervention depression symptom scores measured by Centre for Epidemiological Studies - Depression (CES-D), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Depression (HADS-D), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) [ 11 , 29 , 39 – 45 , 50 , 51 , 55 ]. The pooled SMD (− 0.47; 95% CI: − 0.90 to − 0.04; p = 0.03) supports a statistically significant beneficial effect of pregnancy yoga interventions for depression symptoms (Fig.…”

The Therapeutic Benefits of Warm Compresses in Alleviating Menstrual Pain (Dysmenorrhea) among Young Woman

“…Warm compress therapy involves applying a compress filled with warm water to the painful area, which can help to reduce dysmenorrhea pain by facilitating blood flow, oxygen supply, and muscle relaxation [3]. Research has shown that warm compress therapy can significantly reduce dysmenorrhea pain [4], and regular exercise can also help [5]. In Indonesia, many young women rely on traditional medicine to treat dysmenorrhea [6], and education about menstruation and available treatments is crucial [7].…”