A supersonic jet target for the cross section measurement of the  12 C(α, γ) 16 O reaction with the recoil mass separator ERNA

Rapagnani, D.; Buompane, R.; Leva, A. Di; Gialanella, L.; Busso, M.; Cesare, M. De; Stefano, Giuliano De; Duarte, J. L. M.; Gasques, L. R.; Morales-Gallegos, L.; Palmerini, S.; Romoli, M.; Tufariello, F.

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2017.07.003

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The current of the collimated carbon beam is 100nA. The continuous supersonic helium jet 32 is expanding in vacuum perpendicular to the carbon beam and it is produced by a valve composed of a nozzle and a catcher. The nozzle has a De Laval profile with an exit diameter of 2 mm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical and spectroscopic study of a supersonic flowing helium plasma: energy transport in the afterglow

Brandi

Labate

Rapagnani

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Flowing plasma jets are increasingly investigated and used for surface treatments, including biological matter, and as soft ionization sources for mass spectrometry. They have the characteristic capability to transport energy from the plasma excitation region to the flowing afterglow, and therefore to a distant application surface, in a controlled manner. The ability to transport and deposit energy into a specimen is related to the actual energy transport mechanism. In case of a flowing helium plasma, the energy in the flowing afterglow may be carried by metastable helium atoms and long-lived helium dimer ions. In this work a systematic investigation of the optical and spectroscopic characteristics of a supersonic flowing helium plasma in vacuum and its afterglow as function of the helium gas density is presented. The experimental data are compared with numerical modeling of the plasma excitation and helium dimer ion formation supported by a Computational Fluid Dynamic simulation of the helium jet. The results indicate that the plasma afterglow is effectively due to helium dimer ions recombination via a three-body reaction.The study of noble gas flowing plasma has gained much attention in recent years due to its impact on the application of cold plasma jet and torches for soft ionization and mass spectrometry 1-10 .For a flowing helium plasma the dynamics of the energy transport in the afterglow is very complicated due to the peculiar helium plasma characteristics: presence of highly energetic metastable states and energetic excited states close to the ionization limit, as well as the prominent tendency, at increasing particle density, to form helium dimer ions 11,12 . The actual mechanisms and reactions governing the energy and charge transport from the plasma excitation region to the subsequent stream is of importance to understand and optimize the flowing plasma jets performances. Flowing plasma jets are characterized and optimized by playing on the gas flow rate, the plasma excitation power, the distance to the sample to be probed and the nozzle shape [13][14][15] .There are two main mechanisms supposedly underlying the energy transport in flowing helium plasma jets and the subsequent reactive nitrogen ion formation in ambient air.One mechanism is related to the high excited state energy of metastable helium atoms (more than 20 eV) which are formed during the plasma excitation, eventually from cascade transitions from higher excited states. The helium metastable atoms, He m , have long lifetime and therefore, in principle, can live in the afterglow, giving rise eventually to nitrogen ion formation in air through de-excitation and penning ionization in air 11 ,On the other side, at increasing particle number density, the excited helium atoms and the helium ions are rapidly and efficiently transformed into helium dimer ions, + He 2 , which have a long lifetime, since they do not posses a

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerical modeling. The Computational Fluid Dynamic simulation was performed using ANSYS Fluent 17.1.0 as described in 32 . Summarizing, an axial symmetry of the system is assumed and the problem is solved in 2D.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and spectroscopic study of a supersonic flowing helium plasma: energy transport in the afterglow

Brandi

Labate

Rapagnani

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Furthermore, the DC technique has to be used in applications where the emissivity of the materials is not well known, such as in the case of the test performed in the PWT facilities to verify the TPS withstanding the hypersonic plasma interactions [12][13][14][15]. Before testing the methodology in the PWT aerospace field, the Center for Isotopic Research on the Cultural and Environmental heritage (CIRCE) accelerator [16][17][18][19], upgraded both to perform accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) up to actinides [20][21][22][23][24] and for experimental nuclear astrophysics [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] as other AMS systems [33], can be used for the preliminary test at temperature values reaching 1500 • C, with materials that, at the beginning of the process, are characterized by a low emissivity, and increase their emissivity value with a carbon ions implantation.…”

Section: Results and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Material Wide Range Temperature Determination by Dual-Color Emissivity Free Methodology in Long-Mid-near Infrared Ranges at Non-stationary Conditions

et al. 2021

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Dual color emissivity free methodology by thermography allows to obtain 2D (two-dimensional) temperature maps by using local grey body hypotheses and narrowband filters. By using a suitable pair of filters is possible to obtain the ratio between two thermal camera input signals that depend only on the temperature and not on the emissive properties of the investigated surface. The aim of this concise review paper is to summarize and discuss the developments and applications from long- to mid-near infrared ranges and in a wide range of temperature values of the dual-color thermographic technique that has been analysed through the use of an analytical model based on the integration of Planck’s law and attenuated with the transmission curves of sensors, optics, filters, and attenuators during the last years. Moreover, the applicability to the non-stationary temperature conditions and finalized to the materials mainly used in the aerospace plasma wind tunnel (PWT) re-entry are shown.

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“…There are two options for the target system: an extended windowless gas target [180] and a gas jet target [181]. Both systems are equipped with a post-stripper cell allowing the recoils to reach an equilibrium charge state distribution regardless of the position in the target where they are formed.…”

Section: Erna: European Recoil Separator For Nuclear Astrophysicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Status and Future of Direct Nuclear Reaction Measurements for Stellar Burning

Aliotta,

Buompane,

Couder

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The study of stellar burning began just over 100 years ago. Nonetheless, we do not yet have a detailed picture of the nucleosynthesis within stars and how nucleosynthesis impacts stellar structure and the remnants of stellar evolution. Achieving this understanding will require precise direct measurements of the nuclear reactions involved. This report summarizes the status of direct measurements for stellar burning, focusing on developments of the last couple of decades, and offering a prospectus of near-future developments.

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A supersonic jet target for the cross section measurement of the 12 C(α, γ) 16 O reaction with the recoil mass separator ERNA

Cited by 28 publications

References 4 publications

Optical and spectroscopic study of a supersonic flowing helium plasma: energy transport in the afterglow

Optical and spectroscopic study of a supersonic flowing helium plasma: energy transport in the afterglow

Advances in Material Wide Range Temperature Determination by Dual-Color Emissivity Free Methodology in Long-Mid-near Infrared Ranges at Non-stationary Conditions

The Status and Future of Direct Nuclear Reaction Measurements for Stellar Burning

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