A Survey and analysis on a troposcatter propagation model based on ITU-R recommendations

Lee, In-Seok; Noh, Jung-Hoon; Oh, Seong-Jun

doi:10.1016/j.icte.2022.09.009

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It remains to be answered why the over-the-horizon propagation of VHF/AIS radio waves appeared. As already mentioned, the conditions for detected anomalous propagation of AIS signals could be diffraction, tropospheric scattering, ionospheric sporadic E layer or refraction (subrefraction, superrefraction, ducting) [22,[25][26][27].…”

Section: Results Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The author in [24] modelled the impact of North Sea weather conditions on the performance of AIS and coastal radar systems and showed over-the-horizon propagation. By reviewing the aforementioned and additional literature on over-the-horizon AIS/VHF radio signal propagation, it can be stated that the conditions for such propagation could be radio waves' diffraction by the (sea) sur-face, tropospheric scattering, ionospheric sporadic E layer and refraction (subrefraction, superrefraction, ducting) [22,[25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On Detection of Anomalous VHF Propagation over the Adriatic Sea Utilising a Software-Defined Automatic Identification System Receiver

Valčić

Brčić

2023

JMSE

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This paper represents observations on detection of Very High Frequency (VHF) anomalous propagation over the area of the Adriatic Sea. During the research campaign, a Software Defined Radio (SDR) Automatic Identification System (AIS) receiver was employed for collection of AIS data packets at a fixed location in the Northern Adriatic. Data were collected during the 24-h period (25 February 2023 15:32 LT to 26 February 2023 15:32 LT), providing information from 115 AIS targets, or 159 965 AIS packets with 54.3% Packet Error Rate (PER), respectively. Subsequent analysis and post-processing of successfully demodulated signals and decoded packets was presented further. In certain instances, the SDR AIS receiver detected, received and decoded data packets from AIS targets distant several orders of magnitude larger than the VHF nominal ranges. To determine the magnitude of line-of-sight and over-the-horizon radio waves propagation, the great circle distances between the SDR AIS receiver antenna and AIS packets’ decoded positions were calculated, revealing hundreds of Nautical Miles (NM). Possible reasons for these occurrences, including tropospheric scattering, diffraction, ionospheric sporadic E layer and refraction were discussed and evaluated, in accordance, among others, with the previous research. By exclusion criteria and neglection of possible causes, it was concluded that the enhanced, over-the-horizon propagation of AIS signals occurred as a result of refraction effects, namely trapping/ducting, subrefraction and superrefraction. Data from nine World Meteorological Organization (WMO) radiosondes surrounding the greater reception area were collected for the same observation periods. Atmospheric profiles were created using Advanced Refractive Effects Prediction System (AREPS) program, and analysed for each individual station measurement. The results confirmed anomalous, over-the-horizon enhanced propagation and their probable origins, i.e., the occurrence of refractive conditions in the atmosphere over the Adriatic Sea area. These findings provide a solid foundation for further research in the area of propagation of VHF signals and their anomalous features caused by the atmospheric phenomenon effects.

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Section: Results Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Detection of Anomalous VHF Propagation over the Adriatic Sea Utilising a Software-Defined Automatic Identification System Receiver

Valčić

Brčić

2023

JMSE

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“…다양한 환경 변수들을 고려한 장거리에서의 대류권 산란 손실은 ITU-R P.617 혹은 P.2001의 권고를 참고하여 계산할 수 있다 [1], [2] . 국내에서도 ITU 문서를 참고로 산란 손실에 대한 분석이 진행된 바가 있다 [3], [4] .…”

Section: ⅰ 서 론unclassified

Tropo-Scatter Loss Optimization Considering Deviation in the Antenna Azimuth Angle for a Tropo-Scatter Communication System

Heo,

Park

2023

J. Korean Inst. Electromagn. Eng. Sci.

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In tropo-scatter communication, the transmission loss is greatly influenced by the distance between antennas and the scattering angle, which is determined based on the elevation angle of the antennas. As the scattering angle increases, the transmission loss also increases by approximately 10 dB. Therefore, it is advantageous to minimize the scattering angle when establishing a communication link. However, when implementing tropo-scatter communication in South Korea, maintaining a low scattering angle can be challenging due to terrain constraints. To address this issue, this paper proposes a method for establishing a communication link that circumvents elevated terrain by adjusting the azimuth angle of the antenna. The analysis considered the total transmission loss, which includes the additional loss resulting from azimuth angle distortion and the gain achieved by reducing the scattering angle. Through optimization of the antennas located in Seoul and Busan, it was possible to reduce the scattering angle by approximately 6.36°, resulting in an average reduction in scattering loss of approximately 7.16 dB.

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“…With the development of optimization methods, recently, more elaborated troposcatter models have been proposed, including one based on the genetic algorithm optimization of the problem parameters [32] and another based on particle swarm optimization in [33]. A review of recent studies on tropospheric scatter models may be found in [34]. The complicated maritime conditions require sophisticated propagation models.…”

Section: Of 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Enhanced AIS Detection Range under Anomalous Propagation Conditions

Sirkova

2023

JMSE

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Two clear-air over-the-horizon propagation mechanisms affecting the Automatic Identification System (AIS) detection range are considered. Comparison results are presented between the path loss due to tropospheric ducting and path loss due to tropospheric scattering (troposcatter) for the AIS frequencies. The calculations are based on the well-known parabolic equation approximation to the wave equation, in which a simple troposcatter formula is incorporated. In most studied cases, the ducting ensures a significantly greater reduction in path loss than troposcatter even when the AIS frequencies are not well trapped in the duct. Emphasis is placed on the elevated trapping layers, and some features that may make ducting propagation less favorable in terms of increasing the AIS detection range are discussed.

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A Survey and analysis on a troposcatter propagation model based on ITU-R recommendations

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

On Detection of Anomalous VHF Propagation over the Adriatic Sea Utilising a Software-Defined Automatic Identification System Receiver

On Detection of Anomalous VHF Propagation over the Adriatic Sea Utilising a Software-Defined Automatic Identification System Receiver

Tropo-Scatter Loss Optimization Considering Deviation in the Antenna Azimuth Angle for a Tropo-Scatter Communication System

Revisiting Enhanced AIS Detection Range under Anomalous Propagation Conditions

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