A Survey of Large Predators in Finland during the 19<sup>th</sup>–20<sup>th</sup> Centuries

Ermala, Aslak

doi:10.1080/13921657.2003.10512538

Cited by 27 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Firstly, the population sizes may have been underestimated, particularly during the period between 1900 until the late 1970s. However, the hunting statistics showed large numbers of harvested bears and affirmed a drastic population decline nearing extirpation for that period (Ermala 2003). And secondly, undetected migration and gene flow with bear populations in the east may have taken place.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Connectivity and population subdivision at the fringe of a large brown bear (Ursus arctos) population in North Western Europe

et al. 2012

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…All three populations have experienced substantial reduction in their sizes (Ermala 2003;Danilov 2005). Despite this recorded demographic bottleneck, we did not find any evidence of a genetic bottleneck having occurred in either of the studied populations in the past.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Connectivity and population subdivision at the fringe of a large brown bear (Ursus arctos) population in North Western Europe

et al. 2012

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“…As of the middle of the twentieth century, the brown bears were virtually absent from the country, with the exception of the area along the Finnish-Russian border in the north and the southeast parts of the country, for which regular observations of bears indicated more or less permanent abundance [35][36][37]. For the brown bears in Finland, the range contraction rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org Proc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…R. Soc. B 282: 20150092 individuals killed during that time [36]. The remaining population was assumedly very small until it begun to recover 40-50 years later.…”

Section: Materials and Methods (A) Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of rapid change in genetic structure and diversity during range expansion in a recovering large terrestrial carnivore

et al. 2015

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ResearchCite this article: Hagen SB, Kopatz A, Aspi J, Kojola I, Eiken HG. 2015 Evidence of rapid change in genetic structure and diversity during range expansion in a recovering large terrestrial carnivore. Proc. R. Soc. Recovery of natural populations occurs often with simultaneous or subsequent range expansions. According to population genetic theory, genetic structuring emerges at the expansion front together with decreasing genetic diversity, owing to multiple founder events. Thereupon, as the expansion proceeds and connectivity among populations is established, homogenization and a resurgence of genetic diversity are to be expected. Few studies have used a fine temporal scale combined with genetic sampling to track range expansions as they proceed in wild animal populations. As a natural experiment, the historical eradication of large terrestrial carnivores followed by their recovery and recolonization may facilitate empirical tests of these ideas. Here, using brown bear (Ursus arctos) as model species, we tested predictions from genetic theory of range expansion. Individuals from all over Finland were genotyped for every year between 1996 and 2010 using 12 validated autosomal microsatellite markers. A latitudinal shift of about 110 km was observed in the distribution and delineation of genetic clusters during this period. As the range expansion proceeded, we found, as theory predicts, that the degree of genetic structure decreased, and that both genetic variation and admixture increased. The genetic consequences of range expansions may first be detected after multiple generations, but we found major changes in genetic composition after just 1.5 generations, accompanied by population growth and increased migration. These rapid genetic changes suggest an ongoing concerted action of geographical and demographic expansion combined with substantial immigration of bears from Russia during the recovery of brown bears within the large ecosystem of northern Europe.

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“…Previously subject to lethal control, the official policy being extermination, the role of state intervention in managing large carnivores has changed dramatically towards conservation policies during the later part of the twentieth century (Ermala 2003), aiming at preserving biodiversity and establishing viable populations. As a consequence, populations of all species increased in size and distribution (Swenson and Andrén 2005).…”

Section: Reindeer Husbandry and Large Carnivoresnegotiating Wilderness?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change, Land Use Conflicts, Predation and Ecological Degradation as Challenges for Reindeer Husbandry in Northern Europe: What do We Really Know After Half a Century of Research?

Pape

Löffler

2012

AMBIO

105

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Reindeer grazing has been entitled as ecological keystone in arctic-alpine landscapes. In addition, reindeer husbandry is tightly connected to the identity of the indigenous Sámi people in northern Europe. Nowadays, reindeer husbandry is challenged in several ways, of which pasture degradation, climate change, conflicting land uses and predation are the most important. Research on reindeer-related topics has been conducted for more than half a century and this review illuminates whether or not research is capable to match these challenges. Despite its high quality, traditional reindeer-related research is functionally isolated within the various disciplines. The meshwork of ecology, socio-economy, culture and politics, however, in which reindeer husbandry is embedded by various interactions, will remain unclear and difficult to manage, if actors and relationships are kept separate. We propose some targets for new integrative research approaches that incorporate traditional knowledge and focus on the entire human-ecological system 'reindeer husbandry' to develop solutions for its challenges.

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A Survey of Large Predators in Finland during the 19^th–20^th Centuries

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Connectivity and population subdivision at the fringe of a large brown bear (Ursus arctos) population in North Western Europe

Connectivity and population subdivision at the fringe of a large brown bear (Ursus arctos) population in North Western Europe

Evidence of rapid change in genetic structure and diversity during range expansion in a recovering large terrestrial carnivore

Climate Change, Land Use Conflicts, Predation and Ecological Degradation as Challenges for Reindeer Husbandry in Northern Europe: What do We Really Know After Half a Century of Research?

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A Survey of Large Predators in Finland during the 19th–20th Centuries

Cited by 27 publications

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Connectivity and population subdivision at the fringe of a large brown bear (Ursus arctos) population in North Western Europe

Connectivity and population subdivision at the fringe of a large brown bear (Ursus arctos) population in North Western Europe

Evidence of rapid change in genetic structure and diversity during range expansion in a recovering large terrestrial carnivore

Climate Change, Land Use Conflicts, Predation and Ecological Degradation as Challenges for Reindeer Husbandry in Northern Europe: What do We Really Know After Half a Century of Research?

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A Survey of Large Predators in Finland during the 19^th–20^th Centuries