A Survey on Enterovirus Infections in Matsue City, Shimane Prefecture in the Period from May, 1969 to March, 1971

Itagaki, Asao; Gobara, Fumiko; Ito, Yoshiaki; Saito, Sachie

doi:10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.46.280

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The earliest recorded cases of HFMD in Asia are from Japan (1967), 30 Singapore (1970), 31 Taiwan (1980) 32 and Shanghai, China (1981). 33 Since then, outbreaks have been reported in many parts of Asia, including mainland China, [12][13][14][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] Korea, [53][54][55] Japan, [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70] Taiwan, 6,69,[71][72][73]…”

Section: Timing and Seasonality Of Hfmd Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Epidemiology of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Asia

Koh

Bogich

Siegel

et al. 2016

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

215

167

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Context:Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a widespread pediatric disease caused primarily by human enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16).Objective:This study reports a systematic review of the epidemiology of HFMD in Asia.Data Sources:PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched up to December 2014.Study Selection:Two reviewers independently assessed studies for epidemiologic and serologic information about prevalence and incidence of HFMD against predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria.Data Extraction:Two reviewers extracted answers for 8 specific research questions on HFMD epidemiology. The results are checked by 3 others.Results:HFMD is found to be seasonal in temperate Asia with a summer peak and in subtropical Asia with spring and fall peaks, but not in tropical Asia; evidence of a climatic role was identified for temperate Japan. Risk factors for HFMD include hygiene, age, gender and social contacts, but most studies were underpowered to adjust rigorously for confounding variables. Both community-level and school-level transmission have been implicated, but their relative importance for HFMD is inconclusive. Epidemiologic indices are poorly understood: No supporting quantitative evidence was found for the incubation period of EV-A71; the symptomatic rate of EV-A71/Coxsackievirus A16 infection was from 10% to 71% in 4 studies; while the basic reproduction number was between 1.1 and 5.5 in 3 studies. The uncertainty in these estimates inhibits their use for further analysis.Limitations:Diversity of study designs complicates attempts to identify features of HFMD epidemiology.Conclusions:Knowledge on HFMD remains insufficient to guide interventions such as the incorporation of an EV-A71 vaccine in pediatric vaccination schedules. Research is urgently needed to fill these gaps.

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Section: Timing and Seasonality Of Hfmd Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Epidemiology of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Asia

Koh

Bogich

Siegel

et al. 2016

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

215

167

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This was a part of an outbreak of the disease occurring in the same year throughout Japan (9). The epidemic of HFMD in 1973 attracted our attention for two reasons : (i) it occurred only 3 years after a big outbreak of HFMD taking place throughout Japan due to a variant of Coxsackievirus group A type 16 (CA16) (3,5,8), and (ii) a significant number of cases in the epidemic in 1973 were accompanied by complication in the central nervous system (aseptic meningitis)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Virus Isolated from an Epidemic of Hand‐Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease in 1973 in the City of Matsue

Gobara¹,

Itagaki²,

Ito³

et al. 1977

Microbiology and Immunology

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The virus strains isolated from clinical cases in an epidemic of hand-footand-mouth disease in Matsue in 1973 were characterized and its properties were compared with those of the Coxsackievirus group A type 16 (CA 16) prototype strain. The virus isolated in 1973 was similar to CA16 prototype virus with respect to morphology in electron microscopy, resistance to ether and capability to replicate in medium containing fluorodeoxyuridine. Cross neutralization tests using guineapig and horse antisera revealed that there was little or no detectable common antigen between the two viruses. The two viruses also differed in heat stability of virion infectivity : the 1973-viruses were much more resistant to heat than the prototype virus. Under one-step growth conditions in Vero cell cultures, growth rate and virus yield of the 1973-viruses were lower than those of CA 16, but this property was independent of incubation temperatures, pH of culture medium and other culture conditions. Several other differences in property between the 2 strains are also described. It is concluded that the epidemic in 1973 was caused by a virus whose properties differed greatly from those of the CA16 prototype.

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A Survey on Enterovirus Infections in Matsue City, Shimane Prefecture in the Period from May, 1969 to March, 1971

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

The Epidemiology of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Asia

The Epidemiology of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Asia

Properties of Virus Isolated from an Epidemic of Hand‐Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease in 1973 in the City of Matsue

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