A Survey on Infrastructure-Based Vehicular Networks

Abstract

The infrastructure of vehicular networks plays a major role in realizing the full potential of vehicular communications. More and more vehicles are connected to the Internet and to each other, driving new technological transformations in a multidisciplinary way. Researchers in automotive/telecom industries and academia are joining their effort to provide their visions and solutions to increasingly complex transportation systems, also envisioning a myriad of applications to improve the driving experience and the mobility. These trends pose significant challenges to the communication systems: low latency, higher throughput, and increased reliability have to be granted by the wireless access technologies and by a suitable (possibly dedicated) infrastructure. This paper presents an in-depth survey of more than ten years of research on infrastructures, wireless access technologies and techniques, and deployment that make vehicular connectivity available. In addition, we identify the limitations of present technologies and infrastructures and the challenges associated with such infrastructure-based vehicular communications, also highlighting potential solutions.

An effective back‐off selection technique for reliable beacon reception in VANETs

“…A high beacon transmission frequency on the 10‐MHz shared CCH provides no guarantee of reliable delivery . This is due to the increasing interferences on the CCH in high‐density networks (eg, in urban areas).…”

“…A high beacon transmission frequency on the 10-MHz shared CCH provides no guarantee of reliable delivery. 11,12 This is due to the increasing interferences on the CCH in high-density networks (eg, in urban areas). More importantly, the small size of the contention window results in synchronous beacon collisions due to the same back-off slot selection by multiple vehicles.…”

A New Vehicle Localization Scheme Based on Combined Optical Camera Communication and Photogrammetry

“…A unique feature of OCC is that the camera used for vehicle localization can simultaneously be used to communicate with other vehicles that transmit signals using modulated lights. With little modifications, LEDs in existing infrastructure i.e., vehicles and streetlights (SLs) can be used for communication (e.g., bidirectional communication between two vehicles or between vehicles and infrastructure) [34]- [40].…”

Efficient Maintenance of AODV Routes in the Vehicular Communication Environment with Sparsely Placed Road Side Units

“…e vehicular communication environment is composed of vehicles and road side units (RSUs) [1,2]. A vehicle may act as a source, a destination, and/or a relay node and can communicate with other vehicles via vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications and with nodes outside of the vehicular communication network through RSUs (i.e., vehicle-toinfrastructure (V2I) communications).…”