A survey on the measure of combat readiness

Abstract

Measuring the combat readiness in military forces involves the measures of tangible and intangible elements of combat power. Though these measures are applicable, the mathematical models and formulae used focus mainly on either the tangible or the intangible elements. In this paper, a review is done to highlight the research gap in the formulation of a mathematical model that incorporates tangible elements with intangible elements to measure the combat readiness of a military force. It highlights the missing link between the tangible and intangible elements of combat power. To bridge the gap and missing link, a mathematical model could be formulated that measures both the tangible and intangible aspects of combat readiness by establishing the relationship between the causal (tangible and intangible) elements and its effects on the measure of combat readiness. The model uses multiple regression analysis as well as mathematical modeling and simulation which digest the capability component reflecting its assets and resources, the morale component reflecting human needs, and the quality of life component reflecting soldiers' state of satisfaction in life. The results of the review provide a mean to bridge the research gap through the formulation of a mathematical model that shows the total measure of a military force's combat readiness. The results also significantly identify parameters for each of the variables and factors in the model.

A Simple Approach using Statistical-based Machine Learning to Predict the Weapon System Operational Readiness

“…As introduced in the previous section, combat readiness can be viewed from various perspectives that depends on the inherent characteristics of each country's armed forces. The combat readiness covers all aspects that support the military forces in conducting missions, They can be said as tangible and intangible aspect [2], or the core components [6] of the combat readiness. In view of tangible and intangible aspects, there are tree important aspects, namely Capability, Morale, and Quality of Life.…”

“…An approach using statistical inference was proposed to measure the aircraft fleet readiness by taking account the maintenance process to determine the mission readiness by using non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) and the renewal process [8]. Another approach such as Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and multi-criteria decision making also has been proposed [2], and also an approach from Operation Research (OR) which is applied to a tank battalion [9] were also used but with different perspectives. The simple ones use two metrics called as Mission Capable ( ) and Aircraft Capability ( ) as shown in ( 1) and ( 2) [3].…”

“…Defending the nation sovereignty requires the readiness of all services of the armed forces to be able to be deployed at a quick time whether in the peace time or war time. Armed forces from different countries have their own definition on combat readiness, but they have the same essential matters, namely the condition and the degree of preparedness that enable the ability of military forces to perform combat missions assigned to them [1] [2] that is measured by tangible and intangible elements that include the quality of training, manning or military personnel, and equipment as well as other related activities [2] [3].…”

Development and Initial Validation of an Acute Readiness Monitoring Scale in Military Personnel

“…Psychometric research studies have examined different forms of readiness, including: exercise readiness (e.g., freshness/energy and fatigue - Strohacker and Zakrajsek, 2016 ; Strohacker et al, 2021 ); readiness to return to sport following injury (skills/fitness and confidence/self-efficacy – Conti et al, 2019 ); cognitive readiness (e.g., operational and strategic – Grier, 2012 ; Grier et al, 2012 ); and – considering a military context - readiness for combat (e.g., discipline and “military climate” - Bester and Stanz, 2007 ; see also Wen et al, 2014 ). None of the existing scales span all the different roles fulfilled by military personnel - reaching beyond combat - which necessitated the development of a new specific measure.…”

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“…Psychometric research studies have examined different forms of readiness, including: exercise readiness (e.g., freshness/energy and fatigue - Strohacker and Zakrajsek, 2016;Strohacker et al, 2021); readiness to return to sport following injury (skills/fitness and confidence/self-efficacy - Conti et al, 2019); cognitive readiness (e.g., operational and strategic -Grier, 2012;Grier et al, 2012); and -considering a military context -readiness for combat (e.g., discipline and "military climate" - Bester and Stanz, 2007; see also Wen et al, 2014). None of the existing scales span all the different roles fulfilled by military personnel -reaching beyond combat -which necessitated the development of a new specific measure.…”