A suspended-particle rosette multi-sampler for discrete biogeochemical sampling in low-particle-density waters

Abstract

a b s t r a c tTo enable detailed investigations of early stage hydrothermal plume formation and abiotic and biotic plume processes we developed a new oceanographic tool. The Suspended Particulate Rosette sampling system has been designed to collect geochemical and microbial samples from the rising portion of deep-sea hydrothermal plumes. It can be deployed on a remotely operated vehicle for sampling rising plumes, on a wire-deployed water rosette for spatially discrete sampling of non-buoyant hydrothermal plumes, or on a fixed mooring in a hydrothermal vent field for time series sampling. It has performed successfully during both its first mooring deployment at the East Pacific Rise and its first remotely-operated vehicle deployments along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It is currently capable of rapidly filtering 24 discrete large-watervolume samples (30-100 L per sample) for suspended particles during a single deployment (e.g. 490 L per sample at 4-7 L per minute through 1 mm pore diameter polycarbonate filters). The Suspended Particulate Rosette sampler has been designed with a long-term goal of seafloor observatory deployments, where it can be used to collect samples in response to tectonic or other events. It is compatible with in situ optical sensors, such as laser Raman or visible reflectance spectroscopy systems, enabling in situ particle analysis immediately after sample collection and before the particles alter or degrade.

Mineral–microbe interactions in deep-sea hydrothermal systems: a challenge for Raman spectroscopy

“…centimetres) possible with some in situ applications (e.g. Breier et al 2009b), attenuation is not significant into the near ultraviolet and infrared. Since the intensity of Raman scattering is inversely proportional to l 4 , the 532 nm wavelength lasers produces a stronger Raman scattering intensity than the less costly 785 nm wavelength lasers.…”

“…A similar positioning device could also be used to vertically profile through microbial mats, profile the interior of drill holes in massive sulphides or monitor in situ mineral precipitation and dissolution on rock substrates and vent organisms. Breier et al (2009b) developed an optically compatible, trace-metal clean, suspended-particle rosette multi-sampler for submersible-based sampling of rising hydrothermal plumes and autonomous times-series sampling of laterally dispersing, neutrally buoyant plumes from short moorings tethered to the seafloor ( figure 3). This suspended rosette sampler (SUPR) system is designed to host in situ optical analysis systems, particularly for Raman spectroscopy.…”

“…Several instrument packages have been, or are being, developed that could interface with sea-going Raman systems in order to monitor and probe hydrothermal chimney structures, profile microbial mats (e.g. White et al 2005) and analyse suspended or sinking hydrothermal plume particles (Bishop 2009;Breier et al 2009b). .…”

Predicting the response of the deep-ocean microbiome to geochemical perturbations by hydrothermal vents

“…From there, the ROV then rose directly to the non-buoyant plume height of 200 m. Synoptic particulate samples were taken and the Al/(Al þ Fe þ Mn) ratio of these particles determined to confirm that sampling occurred within the plume, as reported by Sheik et al (in press). The field methodology for this ROV-based plume sampling was described in Breier et al (2009Breier et al ( , 2014. The latter study includes a Supplementary video showing this approach.…”

“…Sampling was undertaken using a suspended-particle rosette multi-sampler (Breier et al, 2009) with 0.8 mm filters. DNA extracted from 1 4 of a filter, as described by Dick and Tebo (2010), was amplified using multiple displacement amplification before undergoing shotgun sequencing (Anantharaman et al, 2014).…”