A Sustained Ocean Observing System in the Indian Ocean for Climate Related Scientific Knowledge and Societal Needs

Hermes, Juliet; Masumoto, Yukio; Beal, Lisa M.; Roxy, Mathew Koll; Vialard, Jérôme; Andres, Magdalena; Annamalai, H.; Behera, Swarnaprava; D'Adamo, Nick; Doi, Takeshi; Feng, Ming; Han, Weiqing; Hardman-Mountford, Nick J.; Hendon, Harry H.; Hood, Raleigh R.; Kido, Shoichiro; Lee, C.; Lee, T.; Lengaigne, Matthieu; Li, J.; Lumpkin, Rick; Navaneeth, K. N.; Milligan, Ben; McPhaden, Michael J.; Ravichandran, M.; Shinoda, Toshiaki; Singh, Arvind; Sloyan, Bernadette M.; Strutton, Peter G.; Subramanian, Aneesh; Thurston, S.; Tozuka, Tomoki; Ummenhofer, Caroline C.; Unnikrishnan, A.S.; Venkatesan, R.; Wang, D.; Wiggert, Jerry D.; Yu, Lianbo; Yu, Weidong

doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00355

Cited by 62 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 149 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…Thus, in our study the percentage contribution of N 2 fixation to primary production in the Bay is comparable to other oceanic regimes. We require sustained observations of N 2 fixation in the Bay as our study is limited to one season (Hermes et al 2019). There is a chance of high N 2 fixation during spring and autumn-when high rates of N 2 fixation observed in the Arabian Sea (Gandhi et al 2011, Singh et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dinitrogen fixation rates in the Bay of Bengal during summer monsoon

Saxena

Sahoo

Khan

et al. 2020

Environ. Res. Commun.

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Biological dinitrogen (N 2 ) fixation exerts an important control on oceanic primary production by providing bioavailable form of nitrogen (such as ammonium) to photosynthetic microorganisms. N 2 fixation is dominant in nutrient poor and warm surface waters. The Bay of Bengal is one such region where no measurements of phototrophic N 2 fixation rates exist. The surface water of the Bay of Bengal is generally nitrate-poor and warm due to prevailing stratification and thus, could favour N 2 fixation. We commenced the first N 2 fixation study in the photic zone of the Bay of Bengal using 15 N 2 gas tracer incubation experiment during summer monsoon 2018. We collected seawater samples from four depths (covering the mixed layer depth of up to 75 m) at eight stations. N 2 fixation rates varied from 4 to 75 μmol N m −2 d −1 . The contribution of N 2 fixation to primary production was negligible (<1%). However, the upper bound of observed N 2 fixation rates is higher than the rates measured in other oceanic regimes, such as the Eastern Tropical South Pacific, the Tropical Northwest Atlantic, and the Equatorial and Southern Indian Ocean.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dinitrogen fixation rates in the Bay of Bengal during summer monsoon

Saxena

Sahoo

Khan

et al. 2020

Environ. Res. Commun.

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“…Ocean data in support of extreme weather events need to focus on resolving upper ocean features such as barrier layers, spatial variability of warm currents, mesoscale OHC changes, and surface waves (Centurioni et al, 2019) prior to and during the season in each basin where TCs occur, with distribution of data in real-time. However, the scientific and operational requirements of observing platforms, such as profiling floats (Roemmich et al, 2019), moorings (Foltz et al, 2019;Masumoto et al, 2019;Smith et al, 2019), and expendable probes , do not explicitly target these needs. Sustained and targeted high-resolution ocean observations provide a means to better understand the processes responsible for the rapid evolution of the ocean and its feedback on the atmosphere during these extreme weather conditions.…”

Section: Ocean Observations In Support Of Tropical Cyclones Studies Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean Observations in Support of Studies and Forecasts of Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones

et al. 2019

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Over the past decade, measurements from the climate-oriented ocean observing system have been key to advancing the understanding of extreme weather events that originate and intensify over the ocean, such as tropical cyclones (TCs) and extratropical bomb cyclones (ECs). In order to foster further advancements to predict and better understand these extreme weather events, a need for a dedicated observing system component specifically to support studies and forecasts of TCs and ECs has been identified, but such a system has not yet been implemented. New technologies, pilot networks, targeted deployments of instruments, and state-of-the art coupled numerical models have enabled advances in research and forecast capabilities and illustrate a potential framework for future development. Here, applications and key results made possible by the different ocean observing efforts in support of studies and forecasts of TCs and ECs, as well as recent advances in observing technologies and strategies are reviewed. Then a vision and specific recommendations for the next decade are discussed.

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“…This has helped to clarify the details of water mass formation in the Mediterranean (Juza et al, 2019;Kokkini et al, 2019) and to improve predictions of the basin-scale circulation by assimilating profile data into numerical models of the circulation (Nilsson, Dobricic, Pinardi, Taillandier, & Poulain, 2011). However, sampling inside EEZs is still challenging and requires major logistical and political support from coastal states (Hermes et al, 2019;Roemmich et al, 2019). Furthermore, there is a need to enhance coverage in critical areas such as tropical regions, with large influence on global climate variability and weather, and western boundary regions, with high levels of mesoscale variability (Roemmich et al, 2019;Smith et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the integration of animal‐borne instruments into global ocean observing systems

March

Boehme

Tintoré

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

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Marine animals are increasingly instrumented with environmental sensors that provide large volumes of oceanographic data. Here, we conduct an innovative and comprehensive global analysis to determine the potential contribution of animal‐borne instruments (ABI) into ocean observing systems (OOSs) and provide a foundation to establish future integrated ocean monitoring programmes. We analyse the current gaps of the long‐term Argo observing system (>1.5 million profiles) and assess its spatial overlap with the distribution of marine animals across eight major species groups (tuna and billfishes, sharks and rays, marine turtles, pinnipeds, cetaceans, sirenians, flying seabirds and penguins). We combine distribution ranges of 183 species and satellite tracking observations from >3,000 animals. Our analyses identify potential areas where ABI could complement OOS. Specifically, ABI have the potential to fill gaps in marginal seas, upwelling areas, the upper 10 m of the water column, shelf regions and polewards of 60° latitude. Our approach provides the global baseline required to plan the integration of ABI into global and regional OOS while integrating conservation and ocean monitoring priorities.

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A Sustained Ocean Observing System in the Indian Ocean for Climate Related Scientific Knowledge and Societal Needs

Cited by 62 publications

References 149 publications

Dinitrogen fixation rates in the Bay of Bengal during summer monsoon

Dinitrogen fixation rates in the Bay of Bengal during summer monsoon

Ocean Observations in Support of Studies and Forecasts of Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones

Towards the integration of animal‐borne instruments into global ocean observing systems

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