A sweat-activated, wearable microbial fuel cell for long-term, on-demand power generation

Ryu, Jihyun; Landers, Mya; Choi, Seokheun

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2022.114128

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…[39] Previously, our group created an innovative MFC by using B. subtilis endospores and its power generation was successfully demonstrated from the spore germination with the introduction of various human bodily fluids including sweat, saliva, and urine. [40][41][42] In this work, the MFC with B. subtilis endospores was designed to work with the intestinal fluids in the small intestine. To expedite the germination and reduce the start-up time for power generation, an additional nutrientrich germinant layer was included on top of the anodic channel containing the endospores (Figure 1c).…”

Section: B Subtilis Endospores As a Biocatalyst And Design Of The Mfc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detailed germinant components and the germination mechanism were well discussed in previous reports. [40][41][42] The miniaturized MFC was precisely located under the anodic channel which was conductively connected to the anode of the MFC. All these components were well integrated into a 3D printed capsule with 21.7 mm length and 10.1 mm diameter) (Figure 1c and Figure S1, Supporting Information), followed by coating the capsule with a neutral pH enteric membrane (Eudragit L100).…”

Section: B Subtilis Endospores As a Biocatalyst And Design Of The Mfc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Biobattery Capsule for Ingestible Electronics in the Small Intestine: Biopower Production from Intestinal Fluids Activated Germination of Exoelectrogenic Bacterial Endospores

Rezaie

Rafiee

Choi

2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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major and accessory organs (e.g., stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas etc.) that compose and support the GI digestive system perform their proper functions through mechanical, chemical, and biological activities. [3] The tract secretes metabolites, electrolytes, enzymes, proteins, ions, and gases to digest food. The presence, absence, and proportion of each of those components can be physiologically indicative of GI health and disorders. [4,5] Recent explorations of the GI tract's outstandingly functional microbiome, which communicates with the central nervous system and maintains the immune system, have provided a new perspective on human health and disease. The research promises the development of new screening and early diagnostic techniques. [1,[6][7][8] Upper GI endoscopy and colonoscopy have been widely used as common techniques for early detection and temporary treatment of bleeding, inflammation, and lesions by the insertion of a camera and dispensing devices attached to a flexible fiber-optic tube through the GI tract. [9] However, even with a very long tube, the endoscopic procedure is typically not thorough because many areas of the GI tract remain largely inaccessible. [5] The small intestine is typically six meters long, and it is difficult to access all of it even with the upper endoscopy and colonoscopy. Even advanced deep endoscopy requires very sophisticated skills and experts to precisely control a balloon insertion and inflation in the small intestine. [1,5] Moreover, endoscopic procedures are generally complex, unpleasant, timeconsuming, and expensive while requiring advanced equipment and different levels of sedation, which cannot be widely applicable in developing countries or resource-limited settings.Ingestible capsules have been developed to overcome these limitations and especially to access hard-to-reach regions of the small intestine. [4,5,10] The swallowable capsules can readily visualize and monitor abnormalities of the GI tract while passively moving down the tract via the peristaltic motion of the gut. [11] Moreover, as the GI tract provides a relatively large space and immune-tolerant environment compared to other human organs, [12] the development of the ingestible capsule requires Functioning ingestible capsules offer tremendous promise for a plethora of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. However, the absence of realistic and practical power solutions has greatly hindered the development of ingestible electronics. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) hold great potential as power sources for such devices as the small intestinal environment maintains a steady internal temperature and a neutral pH. Those conditions and the constant supply of nutrient-rich organics are a perfect environment to generate longlasting power. Although previous small-scale MFCs have demonstrated many promising applications, little is known about the potential for generating power in the human gut environment. Here, this work reports the design and operation of a microbial biobattery capsule for ingesti...

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Section: B Subtilis Endospores As a Biocatalyst And Design Of The Mfc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Subtilis Endospores As a Biocatalyst And Design Of The Mfc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Biobattery Capsule for Ingestible Electronics in the Small Intestine: Biopower Production from Intestinal Fluids Activated Germination of Exoelectrogenic Bacterial Endospores

Rezaie

Rafiee

Choi

2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…Sadly, enzymatic fuel cells cannot generate electricity for an extended period of time because many oxidation–reduction enzymes degrade rapidly with low interactions, limiting their biocatalytic activity, stability, endurance, and energy capacity. Interestingly, Ryu et al pioneered high robustness and long-lasting perspiration-based electricity production via a wearable paper-based microbial fuel cell (MFC) made by using a spore-forming skin bacterium, Bacillus Subtilis (BS) [ 274 ]. In an extreme condition that led to the limitation of sweat, the BS formed endospores.…”

Section: Recent Advances Of Ssds: Optimal In Designs Functionalities ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of the Recent Developments in Wearable Sweat-Sensing Devices

Ibrahim

Sabani

Johari

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Sweat analysis offers non-invasive real-time on-body measurement for wearable sensors. However, there are still gaps in current developed sweat-sensing devices (SSDs) regarding the concerns of mixing fresh and old sweat and real-time measurement, which are the requirements to ensure accurate the measurement of wearable devices. This review paper discusses these limitations by aiding model designs, features, performance, and the device operation for exploring the SSDs used in different sweat collection tools, focusing on continuous and non-continuous flow sweat analysis. In addition, the paper also comprehensively presents various sweat biomarkers that have been explored by earlier works in order to broaden the use of non-invasive sweat samples in healthcare and related applications. This work also discusses the target analyte’s response mechanism for different sweat compositions, categories of sweat collection devices, and recent advances in SSDs regarding optimal design, functionality, and performance.

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“…Once sweat access was reintroduced, spore germination and gradual power generation were observed, showing the potential for long-term operation and stable storage. [64] Besides B. subtilis, many other microorganisms have been investigated for microfluidic microbial fuel cells, including Escherichia coli, [65] Figure 4. a) A PDMS-based microfluidic biofuel cell with a carbon ink anode modified with poly(methylene green) and alcohol dehydrogenase.…”

Section: Microfluidic Microbial Fuel Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once sweat access was reintroduced, spore germination and gradual power generation were observed, showing the potential for long‐term operation and stable storage. [ 64 ] Besides B. subtilis , many other microorganisms have been investigated for microfluidic microbial fuel cells, including Escherichia coli , [ 65 ] Geobacter sulfurreducens , [ 66 ] Shewanella putrefaciens , [ 67 ] Saccharomyces cerevisiae , [ 68 ] and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . [ 69 ] Just like the microfluidic biofuel cells, the microfluidic microbial fuel cells had started as two‐compartment, membraned devices [ 70 ] and have improved to the colaminar flow, membraneless configuration [ 67,71 ] that enabled enhanced mass transfer rates, increased surface‐to‐volume ratio, faster response time, and lower internal resistance.…”

Section: Microfluidic Systems For Storing Various Forms Of Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Microfluidic Technologies for Energy Storage and Release Systems

Cheng

Meena

et al. 2022

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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While the majority of the technologies developed for energy storage are macrosized, the reactions involved in energy storage, such as diffusion, ionic transport, and surface‐based reactions, occur on the microscale. In light of this, microfluidics with the ability to manipulate such reactions and fluids on the micrometer scale has emerged as an interesting platform for the development of energy storage systems. Herein, the advances in utilizing microfluidic technologies in energy storage and release systems are reviewed in terms of four aspects. First, miniaturized microfluidic devices to store various forms of energy such as electrochemical, biochemical, and solar energy with unique architectures and enhanced performances are discussed. Second, novel energy materials with the desired geometries and characteristics that can be fabricated via microfluidic techniques are reviewed. Third, applications enabled by such microfluidic energy storage and release systems, particularly focusing on medical, environmental, and modeling purposes, are presented. Lastly, some remaining problems and challenges and possible future works in this field are suggested.

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A sweat-activated, wearable microbial fuel cell for long-term, on-demand power generation

Cited by 30 publications

References 45 publications

A Biobattery Capsule for Ingestible Electronics in the Small Intestine: Biopower Production from Intestinal Fluids Activated Germination of Exoelectrogenic Bacterial Endospores

A Biobattery Capsule for Ingestible Electronics in the Small Intestine: Biopower Production from Intestinal Fluids Activated Germination of Exoelectrogenic Bacterial Endospores

A Comprehensive Review of the Recent Developments in Wearable Sweat-Sensing Devices

Advances in Microfluidic Technologies for Energy Storage and Release Systems

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