A Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Pyrimidine Derivatives and Their Docking Studies

Shafiq, Nusrat; Rasul, Azhar; Ashraf, Sonia; Parveen, Shahida; Iqbal, Sania Zafar; Kim, Ki‐Hyun; Khan, Rashid Ali; Ali, Bakhat; Jabeen, Farhat; Naureen, Sadia

doi:10.52700/fcs.v1i2.9

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The trifluoromethyl pyrimidine derivatives indicated moderate insecticidal activities against Mythimna separata and Spdoptera frugiperda exposed by leaf-dip method at 500 μg/ml 29 . Tetrahydropyrimidine exhibited moderate to high stomach toxicity against the second larval instar of Spodoptera litura depending on the exposure time and using (31.4- 500 ppm) concentrations 30 . Ismail et al 31 interpreted that the thiadiazolopyrimidine possesses high insecticidal activity toward Spodoptera litura after exposure by leaf dipping technique to (250- 1250 ppm), the presence of this moiety stabilizes the strong aromaticity of the five-membered ring system, which greatly improves in vivo stability and diminishes toxicity for higher vertebrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, toxicological and in silico evaluation of novel spiro pyrimidines against Culex pipiens L. referring to chitinase enzyme

Abbass,

Ali,

El-Farargy

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The exponential development of resistance to conventional chemical insecticides adds another important motive for the creation of novel insecticidal active agents. One of the keys to meeting this challenge is the exploration of novel classes of insecticidal molecules with different modes of action. Herein, a novel series of spiro pyrimidine derivatives was prepared using some green synthetic methodologies such as microwave irradiation, and sonication under ultrasound waves. Spiro pyrimidine aminonitrile 1 is a key starting material for the synthesis of targets 2–9 by reaction with different carbon electrophiles and nitrogen nucleophiles. The structures of all the newly synthesized compounds were approved using spectral data. The toxicological efficiency and biological impacts of the synthesized spiro pyrimidine derivatives were assessed against Culex pipiens L. larvae. The toxicity of synthesized compounds showed remarkable variations against the C. pipiens larvae. Where, 3, 4 and 2 were the most efficient compounds with LC50 values of 12.43, 16.29 and 21.73 µg/mL, respectively. While 1 was the least potent compound with an LC50 value of 95.18 µg/mL. As well, other compounds were arranged according to LC50 values as follows 5 > 7 > 6 > 9 > 8. In addition, 3 and 4 exhibited significant prolongation of the developmental duration and greatly inhibited adult emergence. Moreover, many morphological deformities were observed in all developmental stages. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of the most effective compounds was assessed against the normal human cells (WI-38) as non-target organisms, where compounds 2, 4 and 3 showed weak to non-toxic effects. The study of binding affinity and correlation between chemical structure and reactivity was carried out using molecular docking study and DFT calculations to investigate their mode of action. This study shed light on promising compounds with larvicidal activity and biological impacts on the C. pipiens life cycle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%