A system for the measurement in the field of losses of ammonia through volatilisation

Lockyer, D. R.

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740350805

Cited by 180 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Ammonia volatilization was measured using six wind tunnels built according to Lockyer (1984). The tunnels consisted of an inverted U-shape acrylic plastic device (thickness = 3.15 mm) covering an area of 1 m 2 (0.5 × 2 m) connected to a steel duct housing a fan.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tunnels consisted of an inverted U-shape acrylic plastic device (thickness = 3.15 mm) covering an area of 1 m 2 (0.5 × 2 m) connected to a steel duct housing a fan. Air temperature and velocity were measured using a hot wire sensor (Model KM 4007, Comark Limited, Hertfordshire, UK) immediately downflow from a flange reducing the internal diameter of the steel duct (Lockyer 1984). The NH 3 volatilization rate (F NH3 , mg N m -2 h -1 ) was calculated as:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ammonia volatilization and soil nitrogen dynamics following fall application of pig slurry on canola crop residues

Rochette¹,

Chantigny²,

Angers³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2001. Ammonia volatilization and soil nitrogen dynamics following fall application of pig slurry on canola crop residue. Can. J. Soil Sci. 81: 515-523. Land application of liquid manures is a major source of atmospheric ammonia. The presence of crop residues on the soil surface usually increases emissions by retarding slurry infiltration, whereas incorporation of slurry into soil reduces emissions. Our objective was to quantify the relative reduction in NH 3 volatilization resulting from the soil incorporation of pig slurry (PS) applied on canola (Brassica napus) residues under fall conditions in Quebec, Canada. Pig slurry was applied at 7.4 L m -2 on six plots covered by canola crop residues. Slurry and residues were incorporated in the top 5 cm of soil (INCORP) in half of the plots, while the other half were left untouched (SURF). Ammonia volatilization was measured following application for 10 d using wind tunnels. Soil NH 4 + and NO 3 -contents, pH, moisture and temperature were also monitored to explain variations in NH 3 fluxes. Soil NH 4 + -N in the surface soil was lower than expected shortly after slurry application, maybe as a result of fixation by clays or interception by crop residues. The volatilization of NH 3 was higher (P < 0.05) on SURF plots than on INCORP plots in 20 of the 26 measuring periods, with total NH 3 losses being five times greater in the former. Cumulated emissions during the first 11 h accounted for the 60 and 53% of total NH 3 emissions for the SURF and INCORP plots, respectively. Our results confirm that a large fraction of the NH 3 volatilization from slurry application on canola residues can be greatly reduced if the slurry and crop residues are incorporated into the soil immediately after slurry application. Despite significant reduction (80%) of NH 3 volatilization in INCORP compared with SURF plots, no difference was found in soil mineral N between treatments, suggesting that other processes such as N mineralization or denitrification were more active in INCORP plots.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia volatilization and soil nitrogen dynamics following fall application of pig slurry on canola crop residues

Rochette¹,

Chantigny²,

Angers³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…Previously, ammonia volatilization from animal husbandries has been assessed by micrometeorological mass balance methods [6,32] and by wind tunnels [23,38]. The in vitro model described in the present work had the advantage to be more simple, fast and cost-effective than both micrometeorological techniques and wind tunnels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Ionic adsorption of ammonium and nitrate on some animal litters and their role in ammonia volatilization. Laboratory results

Nimenya¹,

Delaunois²,

Bloden³

et al. 2000

Ann. Zootech.

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-Two experiments were carried out to determine the adsorption of ammonium and nitrate on litters (Exp. 1) and the volatilization of ammonia in their presence (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, glass tubes containing 15 ml of a buffered solution enriched with NH 4 Cl calculated as 10.59 mg . l -1 of NH 4 + or KNO 3 calculated as 50 mg . l -1 of NO 3 -were used. Graded amounts (0 [control], 25, 50, 100 mg) of litters (wheat straw, flax straw (Equi-lin ® ), zeolite (Zeolite Stall Fresh ® ), spruce sawdust and beech sawdust) were added to the tubes which were incubated for 24 h. Ammonium and nitrate concentrations, and pH, were checked on the supernatant. A preliminary experiment was carried out with zeolite to come to an ammonium balance. After adsorption of ammonium by graded amounts of zeolite, [0 (control), 0.25, 1, 2, 4 g], ammonium balance was assessed after two elutions with 1 N HCl. In Exp. 2, Woulff flasks were used and ammonia was trapped in a solution of 0.1 N HCl. The preliminary experiment showed that the ammonium added and adsorbed by different amounts of zeolite was completely recovered after 2 elutions. All litters, except beech sawdust, were effective in ammonium adsorption. Especially, the straws were required in very small amounts to immobilize the added ammonium or nitrate. Furthermore, with straws the pH value decreased from pH 7.50-7.60 to pH 6.90, and this effect was related to the amounts of material added. For each pH group, ammonia volatilization was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) with straw (wheat straw, Equi-lin ® ) as compared with their blank pH group. However, no significant decrease was observed with sawdust (spruce, beech) and zeolite. ammonium / nitrate / adsorption / ammonia volatilization / litters

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“…Urea fertiliser was subsequently applied to each lysimeter by hand at a rate of 80 kg N/ha. NH 3 emission measurements A system of 18 wind tunnels (Lockyer, 1984) was used to measure NH 3 volatilisation. Each wind tunnel unit consisted of (i) a canopy (0.5 m × 2 m) made of polycarbonate, (ii) a galvanised sheet steel duct and (iii) a control box.…”

Section: Experimental Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

A field-based comparison of ammonia emissions from six Irish soil types following urea fertiliser application

Burchill

Lanigan

Forrestal

et al. 2016

Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research

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Ammonia (NH3 ) emissions from a range of soil types have been found to differ under laboratory conditions. However, there is lack of studies comparing NH 3 emissions from different soil types under field conditions. The objective was to compare NH 3 emissions from six different soil types under similar environmental conditions in the field following urea fertiliser application. The study was conducted on a lysimeter unit and NH 3 emissions were measured, using wind tunnels, from six different soil types with varying soil characteristics following urea fertiliser application (80 kg N/ha). On average, 17.6% (% total N applied) was volatilised, and there was no significant difference in NH 3 emissions across all soil types. Soil variables, including pH, cation exchange capacity and volumetric moisture, were not able to account for the variation in emissions. Further field studies are required to improve the urea-NH 3 emission factor used for Ireland's NH 3 inventory.

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A system for the measurement in the field of losses of ammonia through volatilisation

Cited by 180 publications

References 20 publications

Ammonia volatilization and soil nitrogen dynamics following fall application of pig slurry on canola crop residues

Ammonia volatilization and soil nitrogen dynamics following fall application of pig slurry on canola crop residues

Ionic adsorption of ammonium and nitrate on some animal litters and their role in ammonia volatilization. Laboratory results

A field-based comparison of ammonia emissions from six Irish soil types following urea fertiliser application

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