A System-Level Generic Model of Water Use at Power Plants and its Application to Regional Water Use Estimation

Rutberg, Michael; Delgado, Anna; Herzog, Howard J.; Ghoniem, Ahmed F.

doi:10.1115/imece2011-63786

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The USGS is using various approaches to estimate consumption and withdrawals, including analysis of EIA data and a new linked water and heat balance. 15,16 However, USGS suggests that accurate measurement and reporting of water use is required to develop reliable estimates of water use at local scales. 15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controls on Water Use for Thermoelectric Generation: Case Study Texas, U.S.

Scanlon

Reedy

Duncan

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Large-scale U.S. dependence on thermoelectric (steam electric) generation requiring water for cooling underscores the need to understand controls on this water use. The study objective was to quantify water consumption and withdrawal for thermoelectric generation, identifying controls, using Texas as a case study. Water consumption for thermoelectricity in Texas in 2010 totaled ∼0.43 million acre feet (maf; 0.53 km3), accounting for ∼4% of total state water consumption. High water withdrawals (26.2 maf, 32.3 km3) mostly reflect circulation between ponds and power plants, with only two-thirds of this water required for cooling. Controls on water consumption include (1) generator technology/thermal efficiency and (2) cooling system, resulting in statewide consumption intensity for natural gas combined cycle generators with mostly cooling towers (0.19 gal/kWh) being 63% lower than that of traditional coal, nuclear, or natural gas steam turbine generators with mostly cooling ponds (0.52 gal/kWh). The primary control on water withdrawals is cooling system, with ∼2 orders of magnitude lower withdrawals for cooling towers relative to once-through ponds statewide. Increases in natural gas combined cycle plants with cooling towers in response to high production of low-cost natural gas has greatly reduced water demand for thermoelectric cooling since 2000.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controls on Water Use for Thermoelectric Generation: Case Study Texas, U.S.

Scanlon

Reedy

Duncan

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The bulk of the heat is lost through convective heat transfer from the hot water to the air. k sens represents the fraction of heat lost through sensible heat transfer between air and water [93,94,100]. It largely depends on the temperature of the incoming air and less so on other factors such as humidity and atmospheric pressure [94,100].…”

Section: Water Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An enterprise control methodology for the techno-economic assessment of the energy water nexus

Muhanji

Farid

2020

Applied Energy

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In recent years, the energy-water nexus literature has recognized that the electricity and water infrastructure that enable the production, distribution, and consumption of these two precious commodities is fundamentally intertwined.Electric power is used to produce, treat, distribute, and recycle water while water is used to generate and consume electricity. In the meantime, significant attention has been given to renewable energy integration within the context of global climate change. While these two issues may seem unrelated, their resolution is potentially synergistic in that renewable energy technologies not only present low CO 2 emissions but also low water-intensities. Furthermore, because water is readily stored, it has the potential to act as a flexible energy resource on both the supply as well as the demand-side of the electricity grid. Despite these synergies, the renewable energy integration and energy-water nexus literature have yet to methodologically converge to systematically address potential synergies. This paper advances an enterprise control methodology as a means of assessing the techno-economic performance of the energy water nexus.The enterprise control methodology has been developed in recent years to advance the methodological state of the art of renewable energy integration studies and used recently to carry out a full-scale study for the Independent System Operator (ISO) New England system. The methodology quantifies day-ahead and real-time energy market production costs, dispatched energy mixes, required operating reserves, levels of curtailment, and grid imbalances. This energywater nexus methodological extension now includes flexible water-energy resources within the grid's energy resource portfolio and quantifies the amounts of water withdrawn and consumed. The simulation methodology is demonstrated on a modified version of the RTS-96 (RTS-GMLC) test case.

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“…However, the main disadvantages of this system are the considerable cost and low efficiency. A DC , consumption in this case would be 0 …”

Section: Cooling Systems and Water Consumption Calculation In Power Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Day‐ahead power system scheduling considering water consumption in power plants

Badakhshan

Ganjkhani

Safdarian

et al. 2019

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary Power generation consumes a substantial amount of water in the power industry. In order to address the impact of water consumption restriction on the power generation, this paper proposes a security‐constrained unit commitment (SCUC) formulation considering water consumption impact as an additional constraint. To this end, the water consumption in power plants is formulated. Consequently, the SCUC is extended to consider the consumed water volume as a restricting factor. A procedure is introduced to investigate the most appropriate point of power generation operation to save a vital amount of water by raising reasonable generation costs. The objective of the proposed model is to minimize the generation cost, while water consumption is considered as an additional constraint of the problem. The proposed method is then applied on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 118‐bus standard test system. It is shown that a dramatic amount of water volume can be saved in the industry by exploiting rationally higher costs in the power generation.

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A System-Level Generic Model of Water Use at Power Plants and its Application to Regional Water Use Estimation

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

Controls on Water Use for Thermoelectric Generation: Case Study Texas, U.S.

Controls on Water Use for Thermoelectric Generation: Case Study Texas, U.S.

An enterprise control methodology for the techno-economic assessment of the energy water nexus

Day‐ahead power system scheduling considering water consumption in power plants

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