A System-on-Board Integrated Multi-analyte PoC Biosensor for Combined Analysis of Saliva and Exhaled Breath

Massey, Roslyn S.; Gamero, Bruno; Prakash, Ravi

doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9870980

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…After aptamer immobilization, the non-specific binding sites in some papers were blocked with BSA, EA, or mercaptoethanol (2ME). Other papers did not report such a blockage step [1], [4], [69], [70], [74], [75], [76], [77], [78], [81], [82], [83].…”

Section: C1 Sensor Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Redox probes were generally not used in sensors that relied on the EIS technique for the sensor readout [4], [69], where the system was shown to become increasingly capacitive with increasing cortisol concentration. Similar to the FET-based immunosensors, the FET-based aptasensors allowed label-free detection as well [1], [77], [78], [80], [81], [82], [83]. Notably, it was shown in [70] that the addition of metalloporphyrin on the working electrode can catalyze the electrochemical reduction of cortisol, allowing redox probe-free measurement.…”

Section: C2 Electrochemical Modality and Label-free Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Sensors for Cortisol: A Review

Naeem,

Guldin,

Ghoreishizadeh

2024

IEEE Sensors J.

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Cortisol, also known as the "stress hormone", is secreted under the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis in response to psychobiological stress. Real-time and continuous monitoring of the cortisol levels throughout the day can provide the information necessary to identify any abnormalities in cortisol's circadian rhythm that may disrupt the several processes that cortisol is involved in in the body. This review presents a systematic search of the literature on electrochemical cortisol sensing techniques that allow real-time measurement of cortisol in human biofluids. Several structural and performance-related parameters of sensors are being discussed, including the sensor stack layers, limit of detection (LoD), dynamic range, sensitivity, selectivity, reusability, redox probe usage, and the electrochemical detection technique used. The sensors here are primarily categorized based on the type of bioreceptors used: antibodies, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), and aptamers. According to this review, cortisol aptasensors and the MIP-based sensors present, in general, superior stability and sensitivity over immunosensors. They also promise reversible binding, albeit limited research exists on sensors deploying such bioreceptors. Additionally, notable advancements in the field and their impact on the development of point-of-care (PoC) and wearable devices are discussed.

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Section: C1 Sensor Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: C2 Electrochemical Modality and Label-free Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Sensors for Cortisol: A Review

Naeem,

Guldin,

Ghoreishizadeh

2024

IEEE Sensors J.

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“…Furthermore, the sensor can be easily interfaced with off-the-shelf portable EIS readers, making it point-of-care ready. Previously, we reported a MIP EIS sensor integrated with a PCB for portable and quantitative analysis of 8-Isoprostane in exhaled breadth [14]. Similarly, integrating the proposed SIP EIS is being adopted in the next phase of platform testing and validation.…”

Section: Preliminary Data From Microfluidic Channel Sip Eis Biosensormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an alternative to electrochemical and electrolyte-gated biosensors, electroimpedance spectroscopy (EIS) sensors transduce sample target biomarker binding by measuring the change of reactance and resistance as a function of angular frequency [13]. EIS is capable of rapid, non-destructive, label-free characterization without current production to perform measurements [14]. EIS is highly sensitive to near-surface effects, making it ideal for affinity biosensors, with a simple electrode design requiring only interdigitated structures of counter and reference electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this approach faces the challenges of on-surface cross-linking [19]. Polymerizing and crosslinking reagents can interfere with the biomarker structure, whilst milder processes, such as UV cross-linkable materials, are often water soluble [14]. Stamp imprinting avoids this by creating a nanoimprint on an already deposited layer through the stamping process [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Surface Imprinted Polymer EIS Sensor for Detecting Alpha-Synuclein, a Parkinson’s Disease Biomarker

Massey,

Appadurai,

Prakash

2024

Micromachines

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Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, causing loss of motor function and, in some instances, cognitive decline and dementia in those affected. The quality of life can be improved, and disease progression delayed through early interventions. However, current methods of confirming a PD diagnosis are extremely invasive. This prevents their use as a screening tool for the early onset stages of PD. We propose a surface imprinted polymer (SIP) electroimpedance spectroscopy (EIS) biosensor for detecting α-Synuclein (αSyn) and its aggregates, a biomarker that appears in saliva and blood during the early stages of PD as the blood-brain barrier degrades. The surface imprinted polymer stamp is fabricated by low-temperature melt stamping polycaprolactone (PCL) on interdigitated EIS electrodes. The result is a low-cost, small-footprint biosensor that is highly suitable for non-invasive monitoring of the disease biomarker. The sensors were tested with αSyn dilutions in deionized water and in constant ionic concentration matrix solutions with decreasing concentrations of αSyn to remove the background effects of concentration. The device response confirmed the specificity of these devices to the target protein of monomeric αSyn. The sensor limit of detection was measured to be 5 pg/L, and its linear detection range was 5 pg/L–5 µg/L. This covers the physiological range of αSyn in saliva and makes this a highly promising method of quantifying αSyn monomers for PD patients in the future. The SIP surface was regenerated, and the sensor was reused to demonstrate its capability for repeat sensing as a potential continuous monitoring tool for the disease biomarker.

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