A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis to Investigate the Correlation Vegetable Irrigation with Wastewater and Concentration of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTES): a Case Study of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus)

Global evaluation of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in potato and carrot irrigated by wastewater: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment

“…Also, the hazard index of heavy metals studied were above 1, indicating non-acceptable level of non-carcinogenic adverse health effect (91). In accordance with our previous studies (74,82), children group was more susceptible to the adverse effects, which can be due to their lower body weight than adults. Alturiqi et al (18) found that HQs values in vegetables for Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Ni were found to be less than 1, while the estimated HQs for Pb and Cd were higher than 1, posing a greater risk to the health of adults and children.…”

“…Indeed, the plants with higher bioconcentration factor present higher affinity to accumulate the PHEs (81). The findings are also consistent with the results of our previous research (74,82). Based on the results, different orders of PHEs accumulation were found in onion, tomato, spinach, and radish vegetables.…”

Effect of Ultrafiltration–Reverse-Osmosis-Treated Shale Gas Wastewater on Seed Germination and Plant Growth

“…Vegetables are regarded as one of the most common consumption sources in human diets worldwide . Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk, Convolvulaceae), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., Asteraceae), carrot (Daucus carota ssp.…”

“…Vegetables are regarded as one of the most common consumption sources in human diets worldwide. 38 Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk, Convolvulaceae), lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L., Asteraceae), carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus L., Apiaceae), and fava bean (Vicia faba L., Fabaceae) seeds were exploited in germination tests, because they were universally cultivated and easily available in the shale gas region, China.…”

Micro- and Macroelements Content and Health Risk Assessment of Morchella esculenta and Lactarius piperatus from Bosnia and Herzegovina

“…2,9 Heavy metal contamination in edible mushrooms can harm the heart and kidneys, as well as cause skeletal, digestive, neurological, and immune system failure. 10 Studies have proven that mushrooms growing in soils highly contaminated with heavy metals, including Cd, Cr, Pb, and Hg, acquire these metals at a high rate. Essential elements (Zn, Fe, Cu) play a crucial role in plant and animal metabolism as long as they stay within regulatory limits.…”