A systematic review and meta-analysis of breastfeeding rates and practices in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Abstract

Objectives The primary objectives of this study were to estimate breastfeeding rates, identify factors influencing breastfeeding, and explore breastfeeding practices among women in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Study Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant published peer-reviewed literature in the MEDLINE (Ovid), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases from 2013 to 1st August 2023. When statistical pooling was not possible, results were synthesized narratively. Results Twelve studies were included. Pooled data from five studies (n=2009) indicated that 62% of women initiated breastfeeding within the first hour after birth (95% CI: [0.45 - 0.78], I2 = 98.3%). At three months, pooled data from three studies (n=851) showed that 73% of these women were still breastfeeding (95% CI: [0.42 - 0.96], I2 = 98.7%). At six months, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding, based on pooled data from three studies (n=1121), was 29.5% (95% CI: [0.14 - 0.477], I2 = 97.5%). Significant heterogeneity was observed, suggesting that the results should be interpreted with caution. Three key themes emerged from the analysis: (1) balancing supportive factors with traditional practices, (2) the role of health service provision in breastfeeding, and (3) the influence of socioeconomic factors. Conclusions This review highlights the importance of integrating cultural competence into healthcare strategies to better support breastfeeding mothers. Additionally, a national infant feeding survey is recommended to address the existing knowledge gaps in the UAE.