A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Global Molecular Epidemiology of Microsporidia Infection Among Rodents: A Serious Threat to Public Health

Taghipour, Ali; Bahadory, Saeed; Abdoli, Amir; Javanmard, Ehsan

doi:10.1007/s11686-021-00447-8

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Nearly 30 rodent species belonging to nine families (Castoridae, Caviidae, Chinchillidae, Cricetidae, Echimyidae, Hystricidae, Muridae, Sciuridae, and Spalacidae) have been reported as hosts of E. bieneusi , and approximately 100 E. bieneusi genotypes have been identified in rodents worldwide [ 4 – 6 , 8 , 11 , 13 , 16 , 18 , 19 , 25 – 27 , 30 – 33 ]. Among them, genotype D is the most common detected from rodents in previous studies [ 24 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First detection and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pet golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) and Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) in China

Wang

et al. 2022

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Enterocytozoon bieneusi, a common opportunistic pathogen, has been detected in humans and a wide range of animals worldwide. However, no information on the prevalence and molecular characterization of E. bieneusi in hamsters is available worldwide. In this study, fecal specimens were collected from 175 golden hamsters and 175 Siberian hamsters purchased from pet shops in three provinces of China. The average infection rate of E. bieneusi was 12.0% (42/350), with 14.9% (26/175) in pet golden hamsters and 9.1% (16/175) in pet Siberian hamsters. Four genotypes were identified in pet golden hamsters, including three known genotypes (D, Henan-II, and SHW5) and one novel genotype (named Ebph1). Five genotypes were found in pet Siberian hamsters, including one known genotype (D) and four novel genotypes (named Ebph2 to Ebph5). Genotypes D and Ebph2 were the dominant genotype in pet golden hamsters (23/26, 88.5%) and Siberian hamsters (9/16, 56.3%), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the E. bieneusi isolates clustered into two groups: Group 1 (D, Henan-II, SHW5, and Ebph1) and Group 3 (Ebph2 to Ebph5). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of E. bieneusi infection in golden hamsters and Siberian hamsters worldwide. The identification of four genotypes belonging to Group 1 of high zoonotic potential suggests that pet hamsters especially golden hamsters can be potential sources of human microsporidiosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First detection and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pet golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) and Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) in China

Wang

et al. 2022

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“…Rodents can serve as carriers of E. bieneusi, enabling its spread to humans and other animals in both rural and urban settings. Notably, the estimated E. bieneusi infection rate in rodents is 17%, which is significantly higher than the rate of 6.6% observed in humans [6,17]. Furthermore, typing data reveals that these rodents carry over 100 genotypes of E. bieneusi, significantly overlapping with the genotypes found in humans [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Rodentia is the most populous and diverse order of mammals globally, encompassing 1780 species. The worldwide combined population of brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) and house mice (Mus domesticus)-two examples of wild rodents-totals over 7 billion, which is almost equal to (or exceeds) the human population [17]. Rodents can serve as carriers of E. bieneusi, enabling its spread to humans and other animals in both rural and urban settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Wild Rats and Shrews from Zhejiang Province, China: Occurrence, Genetic Characterization, and Potential for Zoonotic Transmission

Zhang,

Yu,

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Globally, Enterocytozoon bieneusi has been detected in humans and various animal hosts. Wild rats and shrews have the potential to act as carriers of E. bieneusi, facilitating the parasite’s transmission to humans and domestic animals. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of E. bieneusi in 652 wild rats and shrews from Zhejiang Province, China, by amplifying the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To determine animal species, we amplified the Cytochrome b (Cyt-b) gene in their fecal DNA using PCR. Furthermore, we determined the genotype of E. bieneusi by amplifying the ITS region of rDNA through PCR. Genetic traits and zoonotic potential were evaluated using similarity and phylogenetic analyses. Suncus murinus (n = 282) and five rat species, Rattus losea (n = 18), Apodemus agrarius (n = 36), Rattus tanezumi (n = 86), Rattus norvegicus (n = 155), and Niviventer niviventer (n = 75), were identified. The average infection rate of E. bieneusi was 14.1% (92/652) with 18.1% (51/282) in S. murinus and 11.1% (41/370) in rats (27.8% in R. losea, 22.2% in A. agrarius, 10.5% in R. tanezumi, 8.4% in R. norvegicus, and 8.0% in N. niviventer). Thirty-three genotypes were identified, including 16 known genotypes. The most commonly known genotypes were HNR-VI (n = 47) and Peru11 (n = 6). Type IV, KIN-1, SHW7, and HNPL-II were each found in two samples, while Macaque4, CH5, K, Henan-III, Henan-V, HNP-II, HNPL-I, HNPL-III, HNHZ-II, and HNHZ-III were each found in one sample. Additionally, 17 novel genotypes were discovered: WZR-VIII (n = 5), WZR-I to WZR-VII, WZR-IX to WZR-XII, and WZSH-I to WZSH-V (n = 1 each). Those 33 genotypes were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n = 25), Group 2 (n = 3), and Group 13 (n = 5). The initial report underscores the extensive occurrence and notable genetic diversity of E. bieneusi in wild rats and shrews from Zhejiang province, China. These results suggest that these animals play a pivotal role in the transmission of E. bieneusi. Furthermore, animals carrying the zoonotic genotypes of E. bieneusi pose a serious threat to residents.

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“…There are some risk factors involved in the distribution of microsporidia, such as climatic conditions, type of animal husbandry and parasite control measures, etc. (Taghipour et al, 2020b(Taghipour et al, , 2021b(Taghipour et al, , 2021a. Traditional animal husbandry systems enable the access of pigs and boars to other domestic, wild and stray animals or close-contact with environmental sources (e.g., consumption of spore-contaminated water and food).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although not all microsporidian genera and species are zoonotic, only 17 microsporidian species have been reported in humans (Han et al, 2021). According to the published literature, microsporidia infections have increased significantly in multiple host species such as rodents, birds, fish, insects, pets, wild and livestock animals, suggesting a possible zoonotic transmission (Taghipour et al, 2021b(Taghipour et al, , 2020b(Taghipour et al, , 2021a. Accordingly, some microsporidia are considered as zoonotic pathogens in the emerging infectious diseases or pathogens category and have worldwide clinical importance (Santín & Fayer, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global molecular epidemiology of microsporidia in pigs and wild boars with emphasis on Enterocytozoon bieneusi: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Taghipour

Bahadory

Khazaei

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background: Microsporidia are spore-forming intracellular pathogens with worldwide prevalence, causing emerging infections in humans and animals. Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a zoonotic species of microsporidia and is responsible for more than 90% of cases of microsporidiosis in humans and animals. Pigs and wild boars are important animal reservoirs of microsporidia. Hence, we aimed to estimate the global prevalence of microsporidia and genetic diversity of E. bieneusi in pigs and wild boars through a set of systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.Methods: Four databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar) were searched between January 1, 2000 and April 30, 2021. Regarding meta-analysis, the random-effect model was employed by forest plot with 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: After exclusion of irrelevant articles and duplication removal, 33 papers, including 34 datasets (30 datasets for domestic pigs and 4 for wild boars) finally meet the inclusion criteria to undergo meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence rates of microsporidia infection in domestic pigs and wild boars were 37.6% (95% CI: 30.8-44.9%) and 8.1% (95% CI: 2.1-26.8%), respectively. While, the pooled prevalence rates of E. bieneusi were 35% (95% CI: 28.4-42.2%) in domestic pigs and 10.1% (95% CI: 1.7-42.4%) in wild boars. The genotypes EbpA was the most reported genotype in domestic pigs and wild boars. Male animals had higher prevalence rates of microsporidia infection than females (27 vs. 17.4%, OR = 1.91; 95% CI, 0.77-4.71%). Conclusion:This study indicates the important role of domestic pigs and wild boars as animal reservoir hosts of microsporidia. Thereby, strategies for control and prevention of these zoonotic pathogens should be designed in pigs and wild boars.

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A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Global Molecular Epidemiology of Microsporidia Infection Among Rodents: A Serious Threat to Public Health

Cited by 11 publications

References 53 publications

First detection and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pet golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) and Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) in China

First detection and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pet golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) and Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) in China

Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Wild Rats and Shrews from Zhejiang Province, China: Occurrence, Genetic Characterization, and Potential for Zoonotic Transmission

Global molecular epidemiology of microsporidia in pigs and wild boars with emphasis on Enterocytozoon bieneusi: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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