A systematic review: Candidate gene and environment interaction on alcohol use and misuse among adolescents and young adults

Kim, Jueun; Park, Aesoon

doi:10.1111/ajad.12755

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…26,27 There also appears to be a strong link between heavy drinking and sensation seeking behavior and personality disorder in general. 28,29 Trait markers for AUD have focused on genetic polymorphism among alcohol metabolizing enzymes (ADH and ALDH) and/or biosynthesis of monoamine oxidase, which is present in blood platelets. 23,30 Other endogenous trait markers investigated as risk factors include adenylyl cyclase in cell membranes, 31 as well as activity of various neuromodulators, such as GABA, dopamine D2 receptor gene, and low levels of β-endorphin.…”

Section: Classification Of Alcohol Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This genetic trait pre‐disposes certain individuals to engage in risky drinking already as teenagers and manifests in chronic drinking in later life and sometimes a premature death 26,27 . There also appears to be a strong link between heavy drinking and sensation seeking behavior and personality disorder in general 28,29 …”

Section: Classification Of Alcohol Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brief history of the alcohol biomarkers CDT, EtG, EtS, 5‐HTOL, and PEth

Jones

2023

Drug Testing and Analysis

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This article traces the historical development of various biomarkers of acute and/or chronic alcohol consumption. Much of the research in this domain of clinical and laboratory medicine arose from clinics and laboratories in Sweden, as exemplified by carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) and phosphatidylethanol (PEth). Extensive studies of other alcohol biomarkers, such as ethyl glucuronide (EtG), ethyl sulfate (EtS), and 5‐hydroxytryptophol (5‐HTOL), also derive from Sweden. The most obvious test of recent drinking is identification of ethanol in a sample of the person's blood, breath, or urine. However, because of continuous metabolism in the liver, ethanol is eliminated from the blood at a rate of 0.15 g/L/h (range 0.1–0.3 g/L/h), so obtaining positive results is not always possible. The widow of detection is increased by analysis of ethanol's non‐oxidative metabolites (EtG and EtS), which are more slowly eliminated from the bloodstream. Likewise, an elevated ratio of serotonin metabolites in urine (5‐HTOL/5‐HIAA) can help to disclose recent drinking after ethanol is no longer measurable in body fluids. A highly specific biomarker of hazardous drinking is CDT, a serum glycoprotein (transferrin), with a deficiency in its N‐linked glycosylation. Another widely acclaimed biomarker is PEth, an abnormal phospholipid synthesized in cell membranes when people drink excessively, having a long elimination half‐life (median ~6 days) during abstinence. Research on the subject of alcohol biomarkers has increased appreciably and is now an important area of drug testing and analysis.

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Section: Classification Of Alcohol Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Classification Of Alcohol Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief history of the alcohol biomarkers CDT, EtG, EtS, 5‐HTOL, and PEth

Jones

2023

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…Объясняется это тем, что снижение плотности рецепторов дофамина связано с медленной активацией центра вознаграждения в мозге и приводит к необходимости поиска человеком событий, способных вызвать повышение уровня дофамина для хорошего самочувствия [72]. В настоящее время в целом ряде исследований подтверждена ассоциация аллели Т с повышенным риском аддиктивного поведения на примере курения, игромании и алкоголизма [73][74][75].…”

Section: результаты и обсуждениеunclassified

Genetic factors and the course of irritable bowel syndrome: associations and interactions

Гаус¹,

Ливзан²

2023

Russian Medical Inquiry

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Aim: to evaluate the effect of the interaction of genetic and epigenetic factors on the formation and persistence of signs concerning irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Patients and Methods: the study included 263 patients with IBS (189 female, 74 male, mean age — 29 [25; 35] years), including: IBS with diarrhea (n=84), IBS with constipation (n=92), mixed IBS (n=87); mild (n=110), moderate (n=99), severe (n=54) course. The control group consisted of 40 subjects comparable by gender and age. In each group, the polymorphism prevalence of candidate genes associated with IBS (COMT, DRD2, SLC6A4, LCT, FTO, TLR9), nutritional characteristics, the level of anxiety and depression, including specific gastrointestinal anxiety, life quality, cortisol content in saliva, blood serotonin, dopamine blood level, fecal zonulin. Results: Val/Val genotype of the COMT gene, characterized by high enzyme activity, was more common among patients with IBS with diarrhea and mixed IBS (χ2=55.75, p<0.001), in severe course (χ2=32.66, p<0.001) and was associated with diarrhea (χ2=53.39, p<0.001), anxiety (χ2=20.01, p<0.001); Met/Met genotype was associated with constipation (χ2=16.09, p<0.001), abdominal pain (χ2=11.04, p=0.004) and depression (χ2=13.12, p=0.001). T/T genotype of the DRD2 gene, leading to a decrease in the density of dopamine D2 receptors, was more commonly found in patients with IBS with constipation (χ2=13.05, p=0.042) and severe course (χ2=30.37, p<0.001), and was associated with abdominal pain (χ2=42.84, p<0.001), episodes of overeating (χ2=29.05, p<0.001), sugar cravings (χ2=16.82, p=0.002) and depression (χ2=39.63, p<0.001). S/S genotype of the SLC6A4 gene, leading to a decrease in serotonin reuptake, was more common in patients with IBS with diarrhea (χ2=28.77, p<0.001), and was associated with abdominal pain (χ2=9.15, p<0.001), diarrhea (χ2=39.98, p<0.001) and anxiety (χ2=7.87, p=0.02), genotype L/L — with constipation (χ2=12.4, p=0.002). A/A genotype of the FTO gene was associated with overweight (χ2=41.33, p<0.001), episodes of overeating (χ2=31.49, p<0.001), increased consumption of added sugar (χ2=9.25, p=0.010), and cravings for sweet (χ2=26.19, p=0.001), farinaceous and confectionery products (χ2=7.85, p=0.019). CC genotype of the TLR9 gene, leading to excessive activation of TLR9, was more commonly detected in individuals with a history of acute intestinal infection (χ2=8.45, p=0.038). Conclusion: the identified associations suggest the impact of genetic and environmental factors on the severity and nature of the IBS course. KEYWORDS: irritable bowel syndrome, genetic factors, epigenetic factors, catechol-O-methyltransferase, dopamine D2 receptors, serotonin reuptake transporter, fat mass and obesity-associated gene, LCT gene, toll-like receptors. FOR CITATION: Gaus O.V., Livzan M.A. Genetic factors and the course of irritable bowel syndrome: associations and interactions. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2023;7(5):237–248 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2023-7-5-1.

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“…The research findings on the effects of DRD2 and environment interactions on impulsivity and related constructs (e.g. externalising behaviours, alcohol use and misuse) is accumulating, as shown in recent review papers (Kim & Park, 2018;Weeland, Overbeek, de Castro, & Matthys, 2015). However, until now, Taq1A has been the most commonly investigated polymorphism in such studies and further research on other polymorphisms is needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%