A systematic review exploring the relationship between infection and sudden unexpected death between 2000 and 2016: A forensic perspective

Kruger, Mia M.; Martin, Lorna J.; Maistry, Sairita; Heathfield, Laura Jane

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.05.023

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In human medicine, “sudden death” has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a non-violent, unexpected death occurring less than 24 h from the onset of symptoms [ 1 ]; in particular, the term “sudden and unexpected infant death” (SUID) is used to describe deaths that occur relatively suddenly and unexpectedly in children less than 1 years old [ 2 , 3 ]. Infections are reported in the literature as an important cause of SUID, followed by metabolic or molecular disorders [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The main pathogens reported in SUID cases are as follows: Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Streptococcus pyogenes , Streptococcus agalactiae , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Group B Streptococci (GBS), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Adenovirus [ 2 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infections are reported in the literature as an important cause of SUID, followed by metabolic or molecular disorders [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The main pathogens reported in SUID cases are as follows: Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Streptococcus pyogenes , Streptococcus agalactiae , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Group B Streptococci (GBS), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Adenovirus [ 2 , 6 , 7 ]. However, a broad range of pathogens has been reported in the literature as being causes or a co-factors in SUID, such as Parvovirus B19, Epstein-Barr virus, Influenza A virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis [ 2 , 6 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main pathogens reported in SUID cases are as follows: Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Streptococcus pyogenes , Streptococcus agalactiae , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Group B Streptococci (GBS), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Adenovirus [ 2 , 6 , 7 ]. However, a broad range of pathogens has been reported in the literature as being causes or a co-factors in SUID, such as Parvovirus B19, Epstein-Barr virus, Influenza A virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis [ 2 , 6 , 8 , 9 ]. Furthermore, recent studies reported the relatively benign Coxsackie virus A16 as a possible contributing factor in SUID in humans [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For these reasons, the current SUID autopsy protocol in the UK and the international guidelines advocate for a multidisciplinary approach to the investigation of all cases of SUID, which should be based not only on the findings of the macroscopic examination, but also on a broad range of ancillary investigations, such as bacteriological and virological analyses [ 11 , 12 ]. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is considered to be a sub-class of SUID, in which the cause of death remains unexplained even after the forensic necropsy, ancillary tests and evaluation of the anamnestic data and crime scene analysis [ 1 , 2 ]. Indeed, among the cases of SUID, only 20% have a clear cause, while most cases remain unexplained and are categorized as SIDS [ 1 , 5 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathological, Bacteriological and Virological Findings in Sudden and Unexpected Deaths in Young Dogs

Piegari

Cardillo

Alfano

et al. 2020

Animals

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In human medicine, “sudden death” has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a non-violent, unexpected death occurring less than 24 h from the onset of symptoms. The aims of this study were: (1) to estimate the proportional mortality ratio for “sudden and unexpected death” (SUD) in young dogs; (2) to investigate the pathological and microbiological findings in SUD cases in young dogs. For these purposes, a retrospective study of a total of 145 cases of young dead dogs was performed. For each case, we collected information about the age, medical history and the gross and microbiological findings of the animals. The results of this study found 21 cases of SUD. The most frequently observed clinical symptoms in the cases of sudden death were acute respiratory symptoms, followed by acute gastroenteric symptoms, non-specific symptoms and neurological symptoms. The evaluation of necropsy reports allowed us to observe enteritis in 18 out of 21 cases and pneumonia in seven out of 21 cases. Viral infection with Canine parvovirus type 2 was the most common cause of SUD observed. These results could provide a valuable tool for the investigation of sudden death in young dogs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Pathological, Bacteriological and Virological Findings in Sudden and Unexpected Deaths in Young Dogs

Piegari

Cardillo

Alfano

et al. 2020

Animals

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Estimates of congenital cytomegalovirus‐attributable infant mortality in high‐income countries: A review

Grosse,

Fleming,

Pesch

et al. 2024

Reviews in Medical Virology

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As many as 5%–10% of infants with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) disease, or 0.4%–0.8% of all liveborn infants with cCMV infection, die in early infancy in high‐income countries. However, estimates are uncertain due to several potential biases that can result from data limitations and study designs. First, infants with cCMV infections who die prior to diagnosis, which usually occurs at 1–4 weeks after birth, may be excluded from both the count of deaths and the denominator of cCMV births, resulting in left truncation and immortal time biases. These ‘biases’ are features of the data and do not reflect bias on the part of researchers, but understanding the potential existence of threats to validity can help with interpretation of findings. Left truncation of infant deaths occurring prior to diagnosis of cCMV can result in understatement of the burden of infant deaths due to cCMV. Conversely, overestimation of infant deaths associated with symptomatic cCMV may occur in clinical case series owing to greater representation of relatively severely affected infants owing to ascertainment and referral biases. In this review, we summarise the characteristics of 26 studies that reported estimates of cCMV‐associated infant deaths, including potential biases or limitations to which those estimates may have been subject. We discuss study designs whose implementation might generate improved estimates of infant deaths attributable to cCMV. More complete estimates of the overall public health impact of cCMV could inform current and future screening, prevention, and vaccine research.

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Sudden Natural Death in Infants and Children

Obenson

2023

Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences, Third Edition

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A systematic review exploring the relationship between infection and sudden unexpected death between 2000 and 2016: A forensic perspective

Cited by 11 publications

References 137 publications

Pathological, Bacteriological and Virological Findings in Sudden and Unexpected Deaths in Young Dogs

Pathological, Bacteriological and Virological Findings in Sudden and Unexpected Deaths in Young Dogs

Estimates of congenital cytomegalovirus‐attributable infant mortality in high‐income countries: A review

Sudden Natural Death in Infants and Children

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