A Systematic Review on Muscle Stimulation Techniques

Kashyap, Nishtha; Baranwal, Vinay Kumar; Basumatary, Bijit; Bansal, R.K.; Sahani, Ashish Kumar

doi:10.1080/02564602.2022.2030815

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 56 publications

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“…In contrast to light stimulation, neuromuscular electrical stimulation is a common a clinical treatment technique that induces muscle contraction by sending electrical impulses to the neurons. [121] Electrical stimulation (ES) is widely used in exercise rehabilitation and disease treatment. [122] Vila et al applied both electrical and light stimulations to active nerve or muscle cells by placing platinum electrodes in a culture medium repository.…”

Section: Electrical Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in In Vitro Models of Neuromuscular Junction: Focusing on Organ‐on‐a‐Chip, Organoids, and Biohybrid Robotics

Leng

Zheng

et al. 2023

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The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a peripheral synaptic connection between presynaptic motor neurons and postsynaptic skeletal muscle fibers that enables muscle contraction and voluntary motor movement. Many traumatic, neurodegenerative, and neuroimmunological diseases are classically believed to mainly affect either the neuronal or the muscle side of the NMJ, and treatment options are lacking. Recent advances in novel techniques have helped develop in vitro physiological and pathophysiological models of the NMJ as well as enable precise control and evaluation of its functions. This paper reviews the recent developments in in vitro NMJ models with 2D or 3D cultures, from organ‐on‐a‐chip and organoids to biohybrid robotics. Related derivative techniques are introduced for functional analysis of the NMJ, such as the patch‐clamp technique, microelectrode arrays, calcium imaging, and stimulus methods, particularly optogenetic‐mediated light stimulation, microelectrode‐mediated electrical stimulation, and biochemical stimulation. Finally, the applications of the in vitro NMJ models as disease models or for drug screening related to suitable neuromuscular diseases are summarized and their future development trends and challenges are discussed.

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Section: Electrical Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%