A Systematic Review on Secondary Metabolites of Paecilomyces Species: Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Fungi are well known for their ability to synthesize secondary metabolites, which have proven to be a rich resource for exploring lead compounds with medicinal and/or agricultural importance. The genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces are the most widely studied fungal groups, from which a plethora of bioactive metabolites have been characterized. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the genus Paecilomyces, which has been reported to possess great potential for its application as a biocontrol agent. Meanwhile, a wide structural array of metabolites with attractive bioactivities has been reported from this genus. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of Paecilomyces species, with emphasis on the chemical diversity and relevant biological activities of these metabolic products. Herein, a total of 148 compounds and 80 references are cited in this review, which is expected to be beneficial for the development of medicines and agrochemicals in the near future.</jats:p>

Biocontrol Effects of Paecilomyces variotii against Fungal Plant Diseases

“…P. variotii is thermophilic, ubiquitous, and highly versatile, and its spores can withstand temperatures above 80 • C for 15 min [10]; furthermore, it grows rapidly, can develop under oxygen-limited conditions, and produces a wide range of metabolites, therefore this species stands out among decomposing fungi [11]. It can adapt to a large variety of habitats (in air, edaphic, and aquatic environments) and can be found in plant debris and compost, inside plants as an endophyte, and in animals as an opportunistic parasite, thereby contaminating human food and animal feed; furthermore, it occurs in municipal solid waste, in sediments and marine plants, and even within homes and operating rooms [12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Fungal Community on Skin Tissue of Amphibians Collected in the Santarém Region, Pará, Brazil / Comunidade De Fungos Do Tecido Cutâneo De Anfíbios Coletados Na Região De Santarém, Pará, Brasil

“…Genus Paecilomyces was among the three most frequent in the amphibian mucosa, and is composed of species that occur in a wide variety of environments, and even incorporates many species that produce substances with biological activity (Li, Xu, Liu, and Zhang, 2020). Some species of this genus, such as P. lilacinus and P. carneus, have antimicrobial and antioxidant activity (Abdel-Wareth, Ghareeb, Abdel-Aziz, and El-Hagrassi, 2019; Sheeba, Ali, and Anuradha, 2019).…”

Phomoxanthone A, Compound of Endophytic Fungi Paecilomyces sp. and Its Potential Antimicrobial and Antiparasitic

“…Some groups of substances are produced by fungi from genus Paecilomyces , such as terpenoids and steroids, peptides including diketopiperazines, alkaloids and other nitrogen-containing compounds, shikimate-derived metabolites and lipids, and polyketides [ 3 ]. Polyketides, which are a major class of natural products, possess several pharmacological properties, including xanthones, among their derivatives due to their biosynthetic precursor [ 4 , 5 ] and can be isolated from plants and microorganisms, including endophytic [ 6 , 7 ].…”