A Systematic Review to Determine Best Practice Reporting Guidelines for AFO Interventions in Studies Involving Children with Cerebral Palsy

Ridgewell, Emily; Dobson, Fiona; Bach, Timothy Michael.; Baker, Richard

doi:10.3109/03093641003674288

Cited by 57 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Furthermore, there is limited detailed evidence that evaluates the effect of AFOs in children with CP. 13 Rha et al examined the effect of a hinged AFO on balance control in these children and concluded that it may improve their postural control. 3 Burtner et al demonstrated that AFOs may be useful in improving balance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of floor reaction ankle foot orthosis on postural control in children with spastic cerebral palsy

Bahramizadeh

Mousavi

Rassafiani

et al. 2012

Prosthetics &Amp; Orthotics International

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Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often demonstrate postural control difficulties. Orthotic management may assist in improving postural control in these children. Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the influence of floor reaction ankle foot orthosis (FRAFO) on postural flexion called the crouch position in children with CP. Study Design: Quasi-experimental. Methods: Eight children with spastic diplegic CP and eight matched typically developing children participated in this study. Postural control of children with CP was assessed in a static standing position on a force platform with/without a FRAFO. The parameters used were centre of pressure (CoP) measures, calculated from force platform signals including the standard deviation (SD) of excursion; phase plate portrait and SD of velocity in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions. Results: The maximum knee extension was statistically significant in children with CP when barefoot compared to wearing braced footwear (p < 0.05, t = 10.01). AP and ML displacement, AP velocity and AP phase plate portrait of CoP were not statistically significant between children with CP with/without a FRAFO (p < 0.05). Conclusion: FRAFO can improve the alignment of the knee, but may not be helpful in improving postural control in children with CP in a short time period. Clinical relevanceThis article will provide objective evidence about the effect of FRAFO on the postural control in children with CP. Therapists can use FRAFO to effectively decrease the knee joint angle in the sagittal plane in children with spastic CP, but cannot use it to improve the postural control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of floor reaction ankle foot orthosis on postural control in children with spastic cerebral palsy

Bahramizadeh

Mousavi

Rassafiani

et al. 2012

Prosthetics &Amp; Orthotics International

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“…Subsequently, 37 studies were included in this review according to their abstracts and the inclusion criteria: 2 studies on systemic review, 35 studies on the materials and categories of AFO and its effect on patients with foot impair (Mustapa, Justine, Mustafah, Jamil, & Manaf, 2016); (Ridgewell, Dobson, Bach, & Baker, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Categories of AFO and Its Effect on Patients With Foot Impair: A Systemic Review

Feng

Song

2017

Physical Activity and Health

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There are a lot of ailments that would lead to foot impair. For instance, cerebral palsy (CP), stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), hemiplegia, duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and so on. With the further deterioration of these diseases, gait would become imbalanced and then it may contribute to high risk of fall incidence. Thus, it is urgent to invent a tool to adjust the foot impair. Most of the previous studies had found that the ankle-foot orthoses (AFO) has a significant effect to overcome the foot impair. Studies that investigated the ankle-foot orthoses (AFO) and its effect on patients with foot impair are various and abundant. Nevertheless, there are a little studies that integrated the categories of AFO and its specific effect on patients with foot impair. It is important to integrate the categories of AFO and its specific effect on patients with foot impair because the previous studies had proved that different designs of AFO have different mechanical properties and these would affect outcomes in a way. The purpose of this paper is to review and integrate the published studies on the categories of AFO and its effect on patients with foot impair and thereby offer better guidelines and suggestions for prescriptions and future studies. The publication of all papers about the categories of AFO and its effect on patients with foot impair were obtained from Science Direct(SD), Google Scholar and other peer reviewed journals that were published in English. The keywords used for searching were "AFO," "material," "foot impair," and "systemic review." There were total 8647 studies regarding these keywords, and 37 studies were eligible to be selected in this research: 2 studies on systemic review, 35 studies on the materials and categories of AFO and its effect on patients with foot impair. Most previous studies had found that the effect of AFO is related to mechanical properties of AFO and disease characteristics. Therefore, this review could provide researchers with more systemic and detailed information about the categories of AFO and its effect on patients with foot impair and promote synthesis of literature.

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“…More extensive guidelines for AFO description in reporting AFO intervention studies in CP were recently published. 12 …”

Section: Characterize Afo Mechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,11 A systematic review on the quality of AFO studies in children with CP concluded that substantial variability in the quality or reporting was present in currently published studies. 12 Another recent review concluded that only limited evidence exists for AFO management in hemiplegia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies Examining the Efficacy of Ankle Foot Orthoses should Report Activity Level and Mechanical Evidence

Harlaar

Brehm

Becher

et al. 2010

Prosthetics &Amp; Orthotics International

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Ankle Foot Orthoses (AFOs) to promote walking ability are a common treatment in patients with neurological or muscular diseases. However, guidelines on the prescription of AFOs are currently based on a low level of evidence regarding their efficacy. Recent studies aiming to demonstrate the efficacy of wearing an AFO in respect to walking ability are not always conclusive. In this paper it is argued to recognize two levels of evidence related to the ICF levels. Activity level evidence expresses the gain in walking ability for the patient, while mechanical evidence expresses the correct functioning of the AFO. Used in combination for the purpose of evaluating the efficacy of orthotic treatment, a conjunct improvement at both levels reinforces the treatment algorithm that is used. Conversely, conflicting outcomes will challenge current treatment algorithms and the supposed working mechanism of the AFO. A treatment algorithm must use relevant information as an input, derived from measurements with a high precision. Its result will be a specific AFO that matches the patient's needs, specified by the mechanical characterization of the AFO footwear combination. It is concluded that research on the efficacy of AFOs should use parameters from two levels of evidence, to prove the efficacy of a treatment algorithm, i.e., how to prescribe a well-matched AFO.

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A Systematic Review to Determine Best Practice Reporting Guidelines for AFO Interventions in Studies Involving Children with Cerebral Palsy

Cited by 57 publications

References 67 publications

The effect of floor reaction ankle foot orthosis on postural control in children with spastic cerebral palsy

The effect of floor reaction ankle foot orthosis on postural control in children with spastic cerebral palsy

The Categories of AFO and Its Effect on Patients With Foot Impair: A Systemic Review

Studies Examining the Efficacy of Ankle Foot Orthoses should Report Activity Level and Mechanical Evidence

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