A systematic study of structural, magnetic and electric properties of perovskite-spinel composites prepared by sol-gel technique

An effective strategy for the development of multiferroic composite nanostructures with enhanced magnetoelectric coupling performance: a perovskite–spinel approach

“…The peak corresponding to 1362 cm -1 is due to the stretching vibrations of NO 3ions 35 . , indicates that the grain growth of one of the phase is higher than the other phase in the composites 15 . The reduction in grain size and its uniform distribution, as the concentration of NFO increases, is due to the magnetic interactions between the grains as well as higher surface to volume ratio of the nanocomposites 36 .…”

“…The lowering of polarization values with the distribution of NFO in BFO matrix in different composition are listed in Table 3. The fall in polarization is also attributed to the cubic structure and paraelectric effect 56 of spinel ferrite NFO which is unfavorable for ferroelectric stability 15,36 .…”

“…The low temperature sintering of composites reduces the formation of secondary impurity phases, which will provide a large ME response, which is also observed in the composites. Bangruwa et al 15 has discussed about the composites of perovskites and spinel ferrites that give improved ferromagnetic hysteresis loops, good ferroelectric properties and reduced leakage current.…”

“…Several studies have been reported that the spinel ferrites are good magnetic material for device applications because of its greater electrical resistivity and magnetoelasticity than does perovskites 22,23 . It has considerable effect on the leakage current of BFO -ferrites composites 15 . The inverse spinel structure of soft ferrimagnetic NiFe 2 O 4 (NFO) owning high Neel temperature of 858 K 24 , has high magnetic permeability, low anisotropy, high magnetostriction coefficient, moderate coercivity, retentivity and low electrical conductivity 25,26 .…”

“… 22,23 It has a considerable effect on the leakage current of BFO-ferrite composites. 15 The inverse spinel structure of soft ferrimagnetic NiFe 2 O 4 (NFO) has a high Neel temperature of 858 K, 24 high magnetic permeability, low anisotropy, high magnetostriction coefficient, moderate coercivity, retentivity, and low electrical conductivity. 25,26 One of the greatest advantages of NFO is its tunable magnetic and electrical properties due to its low anisotropy.…”