A temporal perspective to empirically investigate the concept of social distance

Abstract

The essay deals with the problem of the empirical analysis of the concept of social distance using a temporal rather than a spatial approach.To this end, the Bogardus' Social Distance Scale is introduced by emphasizing that it was defined by employing a spatial perspective and describing the socio-cultural environment in which it was designed.Then, it is illustrated a temporal perspective to empirically investigate the concept of social distance introducing the concepts of allochronism, social time and standard time. In particular, it is argued that social time has close connections with our perceptions, interpretations, values, needs and cultures, and as such is particularly suitable for investigating socio-temporal distance.Moreover-as the main focus of this essay-the methodological procedure used by the author to examine the socio-temporal distance of ethnic relations between migrants and natives in Italy is illustrated. By comparing significant indicators suitable for assessing living conditions, it will become evident how the two social groups live in different temporal worlds, although they are physically contemporary. In particular, it is shown how migrants live in a temporal bubble that represents a "piece" of modernity inserted in a postmodern world.It is concluded that studying social distance using a temporal approach is very effective and has several applications: it can be used not only for ethnic relations but also for research on minority, weak, marginal groups, in gender or intergenerational studies, and in all fields in which gaps/disparities/ inequalities must be compared.

Law Students and Social Distance towards Migrants and Some Other Relevant Groups in Croatia

“…Numerous studies conducted in Croatia in an attempt to revise the categories of this scale usually did so by changing or adding individual categories without providing an explanation of the methodology used for this purpose (Ivković 2010). Finally, the problem with Bogardus' social distance scale is that its applicability under contemporary social conditions differs from the time when Bogardus constructed the instrument, as does its precision and sensitivity as a measurement tool in general (Parrillo & Donoghue 2005;Mather et al 2017), or temporality (Tusini 2022).…”

Emory S. Bogardus: primeras aproximaciones al estudio de los migrantes mexicanos en Estados Unidos (1914-1919)

“…A pesar de ello, son escasos los trabajos que han estudiado su obra, en general en esa disciplina; aquellos que lo han hecho se centran, principalmente, en la elaboración del concepto de escala de la distancia social (Campbell, 1951(Campbell, -1952Crull y Bruton, 1979, pp. 771-783;Donoghue y Parrillo, 2005;Şimşek, 2019;Tusini, 2022;Tokuda, 2002;Wark y Galliher, 2007, entre otros). Si bien, esa categoría le valió un lugar en la historia de la sociología estadunidense, nunca disfrutó de la reputación de William F. Ogburn, F. Stuart Chapin y otros líderes de la "segunda generación" que dominaron la profesión en los años de entreguerras ( Bannister, 1999, pp.…”