A test battery for the ecotoxicological evaluation of pentachlorophenol

Repetto, Guillermo; Jos, Ángeles; Hazen, M.J.; Molero, M. L.; Peso, Ana del; Salguero, Manuel Salguero; Castillo, Pilar; Rodrı́guez-Vicente, M.C.; Repetto, M.

doi:10.1016/s0887-2333(01)00055-8

Cited by 93 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Thus, ecotoxicology integrate the synergistic and antagonistic effects of all contaminants and provide information on the bioavailable fraction of the contaminants only, which would be impossible to evaluate solely with chemical data. Hence, bioassays can serve as a complementary tool in environmental risk assessment of bioremediated places (Plaza et al, 2005;Repetto et al, 2001). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity Assessment of Contaminated Soil Using Seeds as Bioindicators

Cruz

Lopes

Montagnolli

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Biotechnology

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The evaluation soil quality after bioremediation processes solely on chemical data does not include the effects of toxic substances in organisms. Thus, ecotoxicological assays with seeds are applied to assess the effect of toxic substances in organisms according to their germination sensitivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate a contaminated soil with diesel, biodiesel and waste lubricat oil in ecotoxicological bioassays using seeds of Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Brassica oleracea (kale) and Barbarea verna (cress) as test organisms. The sample of contaminated soil was buried to allow contact with microorganisms that are naturally present in the soil and can be capable to biodegrade the contaminant. Each soil sample was removed monthly and the potential toxicity of contaminants was evaluated by examining germination rates according to biodegradation time in soil. The results indicate that the species Barbarea verna is not a good test organism due to its low germination rate. The study suggest that the contact of waste lubricant oil and diesel with the embryo was hampered by the seed coats and the hydrophobicity these substances, preventing the entry of substances which may be toxic to the embryo. Also, Cucumis sativus and Brassica oleracea showed that after two months of biodegradation, biodiesel is the most toxic contaminant during seed development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity Assessment of Contaminated Soil Using Seeds as Bioindicators

Cruz

Lopes

Montagnolli

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Biotechnology

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“…A bioluminescence assay based on Aliivibrio fischeri marine bacterium is a widely used bacterial biotest for ecotoxicological testing in environmental industry. The test bacterium emits light in optimal conditions; this property is used to determine ecotoxicity in environmental biotechnologies [3][4][5][6]. The A. fischeri bioluminescence assay is one of the most sensitive bacterial cytotoxicity assays across a wide spectrum of toxicants [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of bacterial biotests for monitoring mycotoxins

Krifaton

Kukolya²,

Szoboszlay

et al. 2010

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites that have mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, immunomodulant and cytotoxic effects. Besides expensive chemical analytical methods, biotests can be alternative screening methods for selecting mycotoxin degrading microbes. Our aim was to monitor mycotoxins by bacterial biotests. Aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol, zearalenon, T2-toxin and ochratoxin were analysed by two biotests: Aliivibrio fischeri luminescence assay and SOS-Chromotest using Escherichia coli. The A. fischeri bioluminescence assay is one of the most sensitive bacterial toxicity assays across a wide spectrum of toxicants; however, the effects of mycotoxins have been hardly examined. The inhibition effect of various mycotoxins on A. fischeri was determined in the range of 1-20 μg/ml toxin concentration. The test bacterium proved to be the most sensitive for AFB1. Less but pronounced inhibition of zearalenon was also determined, while other mycotoxins had no measurable toxic effect on A. fischeri. Based on these results we have adopted this method for monitoring microbial AFB1 biodegradation efficiency. The genotoxic effect of mycotoxins was analysed by SOS-Chromotest. The principle of the assay is the SOS response that is induced by DNA-damaging agents. We have examined AFB1 0,078-10 μg/ml concentration. We found that the genotoxic effect of AFB1 is still detectable at 0,078 μg/ml concentration. SOS-Chromotest was successfully used to select microorganisms that have the best AFB1 degrading potential and can degrade AFB1 without genotoxic by-products. The applicability of SOS-Chromotest for screening mycotoxin degrader microbes was confirmed by parallel ELISA and chemical analytical tests. We have adopted two bacterial biotests that are suitable for monitoring mycotoxin concentrations based on their biological effects. On the basis of these results a screening method was developed for microbes with AFB1 degrading potential. Furthermore, these methods can be appropriate tools for elucidating mycotoxin metabolism by high throughput screening of expression, and transposon mutagenesis clone libraries of the best AFB1 degrading strains.

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“…Repetto et al [7] studied the specific effect of PCP using different ecotoxicological model systems, including immobilization of Daphnia magna, bioluminiscence inhibition in the bacterium Vibrio fischeri, growth inhibition of the alga Chlorella vulgaris, and micronuclei induction in the plant Allium cepa. PCP was very toxic to all biota and cells; micronuclei induction in Allium cepa was the most sensitive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus subtilis as a bioindicator for estimating pentachlorophenol toxicity and concentration

Ayude

Okada

Gonzalez

et al. 2009

J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol

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Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and its sodium salt (Na-PCP) are extremely toxic chemicals responsible for important soil and groundwater pollution, mainly caused by wastes from wood-treatment plants, because chlorinated phenols are widely used as wood preservatives. The methods most commonly used for routine analysis of pesticides such as PCP and Na-PCP are high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). A variety of rapid biological screening tests using marine organisms, bioluminescent bacteria, and enzymes have also been reported. In this study, rapid biological screening analysis using Bacillus subtilis was developed, to assess the biodegradation of PCP and its by-products in liquid samples. An empirical model is proposed for spectrophotometric analysis of Na-PCP concentration after growth of Bacillus subtilis.

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A test battery for the ecotoxicological evaluation of pentachlorophenol

Cited by 93 publications

References 12 publications

Toxicity Assessment of Contaminated Soil Using Seeds as Bioindicators

Toxicity Assessment of Contaminated Soil Using Seeds as Bioindicators

Adaptation of bacterial biotests for monitoring mycotoxins

Bacillus subtilis as a bioindicator for estimating pentachlorophenol toxicity and concentration

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