A Test for Isolation-by-Distance in Central Rocky Mountain and Great Basin Populations of Edith's Checkerspot Butterfly (Euphydryas editha)

Britten, Hugh B.; Brussard, Peter F.; Murphy, Dennis D.; Ehrlich, Paul R.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111563

Cited by 69 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…Heredity Euphydryas editha-populations from the Great Basin showed no significant relationship (Britten et al, 1995). In Pieris napi meridionalis, even 64% of the differentiation could be explained by this phenomenon (Geiger and Shapiro, 1992).…”

Section: Isolation-by-distancementioning

confidence: 89%

“…These two values were similar to western European P. coridon (F ST : 0.021, mean of genetic distance between populations: 0.020; Schmitt et al, 2002). Higher values for both parameters have been observed for species that include more than one subspecies, such as the Californian Coenonympha tullia assemblage (F ST : 0.051, maximum genetic distance between genetic lineages: 0.034; Porter and Geiger, 1988), Euphydryas editha in the Great Basin and the Rocky Mountains (F ST : 0.209, genetic distance between the two major lineages: 0.033; Britten et al, 1995) and the two host races of Zeiraphera diniana (F ST : 0.083, maximum genetic distance between lineages: 0.04; Emelianov et al, 1995). In not subspecifically differentiated lepidopterans, the genetic distances were mostly smaller than in eastern populations of P. coridon (eg, Daly and Gregg, 1985;Rosenberg, 1989;Britten et al, 1994).…”

Section: Genetic Differentiation Among Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postglacial distribution area expansion of Polyommatus coridon (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from its Ponto-Mediterranean glacial refugium

Schmitt¹,

Seitz²

2002

Heredity

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The genetic population structure of Polyommatus coridon (Poda, 1761) (Chalk-hill blue) was studied by means of allozyme electrophoresis in north-eastern Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. All analysed parameters showed high genetic diversity within populations (number of alleles: 2.61; observed and expected heterozygosity: 18.6% and 19.7%, respectively; percentage of polymorphic loci: total: 73.6%, on 95% level: 56.1%), whereas genetic differentiation between populations was comparatively low (F ST ϭ 0.028 ± 0.005 s.d.). Hierarchical variance analysis revealed significant structuring among five regional population clusters. A significant isolation-by-distance structure exists (r ϭ 0.39; P Ͻ 0.05). The mean number of alleles per locus

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Section: Isolation-by-distancementioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Genetic Differentiation Among Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postglacial distribution area expansion of Polyommatus coridon (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from its Ponto-Mediterranean glacial refugium

Schmitt¹,

Seitz²

2002

Heredity

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“…Sample numbers correspond to coridon populations is comparatively low (mean genetic distance (Nei, 1978) (Descimon, 1995), Parnassius mnemosyne (Napolitano and Descimon, 1994), Euphydryas editha (Britten et al, 1995) and Euphydryas gilettii (Debinski, 1994). Therefore, the genetic differentiation of the populations of P. coridon analysed appears too weak for a splitting into different subspecies.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Postglacial colonisation of western Central Europe by Polyommatus coridon (Poda 1761) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): evidence from population genetics

Schmitt¹,

Gießl²,

Seitz³

2002

Heredity

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The genetic population structure of Polyommatus coridon (Poda 1761) over large regions of France, Italy and Germany was studied by allozyme electrophoresis. The genetic diversity within populations was high for all parameters analysed (number of alleles 2.72; observed and expected heterozygosity 19.6% and 20.3%, respectively; percentage of polymorphic loci: total: 76.4% and, with polymorphism if the frequency of the commonest allele is below 95%: 53.1%), whereas genetic differentiation between populations was comparatively low (F ST = 0.021 ± 0.002). The mean number of alleles declined significantly from southern to northern populations (r = −0.53, P = 0.0005). Similar effects were found also for other parameters of genetic diversity. This is interpreted as a loss of genetic diversity during postglacial

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“…Napolitano & Descimon 1994). This phenomenon should not be confused with that which occurs with the North American checkerspot butter£y, E. editha, which is restricted in its dispersal by resource patchiness (Britten et al 1995;Thomas & Singer 1998). It would appear that within a species, strategies for resource seeking can be di¡erentiated into various levels of adaptive behaviours, often related to complicated lifecycle strategies, e.g.…”

Section: (Vi) Morph Adaptationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Slaves of the environment: the movement of herbivorous insects in relation to their ecology and genotype

Loxdale

Lushai

1999

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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The majority of insect species do not show an innate behavioural migration, but rather populations expand into favourable new habitats or contract away from unfavourable ones by random changes of spatial scale. Over the past 50 years, the scienti¢c fascination with dramatic long-distance and directed mass migratory events has overshadowed the more universal mode of population movement, involving much smaller stochastic displacement during the lifetime of the insects concerned. This may be limiting our understanding of insect population dynamics.In the following synthesis, we provide an overview of how herbivorous insect movement is governed by both abiotic and biotic factors, making these animals essentially`slaves of their environment'. No displaced insect or insect population can leave a resource patch, migrate and £ourish, leaving descendants, unless suitable habitat and/or resources are reached during movement. This must have constrained insects over geological time, bringing about species-speci¢c adaptation in behaviour and movements in relation to their environment at a micro-and macrogeographical scale. With insects that undergo longrange spatial displacements, e.g. aphids and locusts, there is presumably a selection against movement unless overruled by factors, such as density-dependent triggering, which cause certain genotypes within the population to migrate. However, for most insect species, spatial changes of scale and range expansion are much slower and may occur over a much longer time-scale, and are not innate (nor directed).Ecologists may say that all animals and plants are ¢guratively speaking`slaves of their environments', in the sense that their distribution is de¢ned by their ecology and genotype. But in the case of insects, a vast number must perish daily, either out at sea or over other hostile habitats, having failed to ¢nd suitable resources and/or a habitat on which to feed and reproduce. Since many are blown by the vagaries of the wind, their chances of success are serendipitous in the extreme, especially over large distances. Hence, the strategies adopted by mass migratory species (innate pre-programmed £ight behaviour, large population sizes and/or fast reproduction), which improve the chances that some of these individuals will succeed. We also emphasize the dearth of knowledge in the various interactions of insect movement and their environment, and describe how molecular markers (protein and DNA) may be used to examine the details of spatial scale over which movement occurs in relation to insect ecology and genotype.

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A Test for Isolation-by-Distance in Central Rocky Mountain and Great Basin Populations of Edith's Checkerspot Butterfly (Euphydryas editha)

Cited by 69 publications

References 0 publications

Postglacial distribution area expansion of Polyommatus coridon (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from its Ponto-Mediterranean glacial refugium

Postglacial distribution area expansion of Polyommatus coridon (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from its Ponto-Mediterranean glacial refugium

Postglacial colonisation of western Central Europe by Polyommatus coridon (Poda 1761) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): evidence from population genetics

Slaves of the environment: the movement of herbivorous insects in relation to their ecology and genotype

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