A thorny matter: Spur cell anemia

Sharma, Ruchi; Holman, Carol J.; Brown, Kyle E.

doi:10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100771

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Cell with central and peripheral staining and an intervening pallor from increased RBC membrane redundancy. This can be observed in the case of some thalassemia types, liver disease, as well as hemoglobin C disease [58,99] Tear drop cell (dacrocyte)…”

Section: Babesiosismentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It is mainly associated with severe liver disease, partial or total removal of the spleen and some rare cases of abetalipoproteinemia or neuroacanthocytosis (McLeod and choreo-acanthocytosis syndrome). [57,58]…”

Section: Acanthocyte (Spur Cell)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cell appears elongated and elliptical and it is associated with rare hereditary elliptocytosis [66,67] Echinocyte Similar to acanthocytes but the spicules or projections are regular. Might be associated with uremia/renal disease [58] Heinz type body Precipitated hemoglobin is visible after supravital staining as a perimembranous blue dot, common with hemoglobinopathies [68,69] Howell-Jolly type body…”

Section: Babesiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Unveiling the Complexity of Red Blood Cells: Insights into Structure, Properties and Functions

AVRAM,

MOCANU,

TOMOAIA

et al. 2023

AnnalsARSciBio

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"Considering the basic function of red blood cells (RBC, erythrocytes) as carriers of oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the bloodstream, as well as their possible secondary activities, RBCs deserve more consideration. The current work attempts to serve as a summary of RBC properties, both well-established and less well-established, with a focus on pathologies and drug interactions. This review is especially important given the recent trend of employing erythrocytes as vehicles for targeted medication delivery."

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Section: Babesiosismentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Acanthocyte (Spur Cell)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Babesiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Unveiling the Complexity of Red Blood Cells: Insights into Structure, Properties and Functions

AVRAM,

MOCANU,

TOMOAIA

et al. 2023

AnnalsARSciBio

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“…Differences in the molecular species of PC between plasma and the cell membrane were early discovered in rabbit and human RBCs 59 , and later confirmed 57,58,60 . Differences were also found in the PC composition of plasma and the RBC membrane between full term infants and their mothers 96 or in acanthocytes of congenital abetalipoproteinemia and advanced liver disease [97][98][99] . Although the possibility of exchange with plasma had been documented 100,101 , the residual differences were perceived as the absence of a significant mass equilibration with plasma 58 .…”

Section: Changes In Lipid Subclasses and Decrease In Cell Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Terminal maturation of human reticulocytes to red blood cells by extensive remodelling and progressive liquid ordering of membrane lipids

Minetti

Kaestner

Dorn

2023

Preprint

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The terminal differentiation of reticulocytes to mature red blood cells (RBCs) in mammals is a topic of intense investigation. Although much has been learned about the early phase of reticulocyte maturation in the bone marrow of the adult mammal, after enucleation of the orthochromatic erythroblast, the final maturation of peripheral circulating reticulocytes into RBCs is still poorly understood. Research on reticulocyte maturation was predominantly carried out on stress reticulocytes, or mixed populations of RBCs and normal reticulocytes, strongly limiting the possibility of discriminating different maturational phases and the relative underlying mechanisms. Another limitation was a somewhat "proteinocentric" approach, whereby possible qualitative and quantitative changes in the most important structural component of the membrane, the lipids, were not investigated. In the marrow, the reticulocyte matures through processes intrinsic to the cell (autophagy, ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent proteolysis, exosome release, regulated volume decrease) to reduce its size and simplify its composition. In the circulation, the task is taken over by systemic intervention that is necessary for the removal of extra surface area and to stimulate further volume decrease. The last two processes are preliminary to and go along with the completion of the assembly of the membrane skeleton and its anchoring to the bilayer into a structurally and functionally stable plasma membrane. The selective membrane removal in the marrow phase of maturation leads to the loss of most of the transferrin receptor through release of exosomes enriched in membrane rafts. In the circulatory phase, membrane area decrease is obtained by (a) different mechanism(s), as indicated by several pieces of evidence, including the results of the present study We have isolated here two populations of circulating reticulocytes at different levels of maturation in vivo, and three subpopulations of RBCs of different age from normal human donors, and characterized the evolution of their lipidome. Sphingomyelin, cholesterol and in part phosphatidylethanolamine increase in relative terms, whereas phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine decrease from immature reticulocytes to mature RBCs, at the same time as the surface area per cell decreases. Moreover, the relative amounts of the more than 70 phospholipid subclasses evaluated in the study, based on the number of carbon atoms (12-24) and of double bonds (0-6) in the fatty acids linked to the phospholipid, also change in the process. This complex remodeling suggests the presence of an underlying blueprint, whereby changes in each individual phospholipid subclass all seem to converge in producing a state of higher liquid order, and thus of higher stability, in the lipid bilayer. Results also strongly hint at the lipid remodeling as the driving force, together with cell shrinkage, for the organization of spectrin in an extended meshwork and its anchoring to the bilayer through vertical interactions with intrinsic membrane proteins. A model is proposed, based on concepts of lipid interdigitation and protein "pinning".

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“…In contrast to TTP -which often manifests marked reticulocytosis, the distinguishing feature for this cause was a reticulocyte production index (RPI) of less than 3.0% in all patients [40]. In DIC, decompensated cirrhosis [41], and acute fatty liver of pregnancy, coagulopathy is expected and helps to differentiate the condition from TTP or cm-HUS. Decompensated cirrhosis (which is associated with preexisting thrombocytopenia), may further become complicated by spur cell anemia which produces shortened red cell survival due to a transfusion-refractory, nonimmune hemolysis, depleted haptoglobin, poor prognosis, being curable only by liver transplantation [22,42].…”

Section: 33mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thrombotic microangiopathy – the importance of a multidisciplinary approach

Tran,

Patel,

Desai

et al. 2023

Current Opinion in Nephrology &Amp; Hypertension

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Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) Team. This goal will be accomplished through review of the complement system, discuss various causes of thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA), and aspects of their diagnosis and management. In so doing, readers will gain an appreciation for the complexity of this family of disorders and realize the benefit of a dedicated multidisciplinary TMA Team. Recent findings TMA causes derive from multiple specialty areas, are difficult to timely recognize, pose complex challenges, and require multidisciplinary management. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant-associated TMA (TA-TMA) and TA-TMA related multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (TA-TMA MODS) are areas of burgeoning research; use of complement testing and eculizumab precision-dosing has been found to better suppress complement activity in TA-TMA than standard eculizumab dosing. Newer tests are available to risk-stratify obstetric patients at risk for severe pre-eclampsia, whose features resemble those of TA-TMA MODS. Numerous disorders may produce TMA-like findings, and a systematic approach aids in their identification. TMA Teams elevate institutional awareness of increasingly recognized TMAs, will help expedite diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, and create pathways to future TMA-related research and facilitate access to clinical trials. Summary Establishment of a TMA-Team is valuable in developing the necessary institutional expertise needed to promptly recognize and appropriately manage patients with TMA.

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A thorny matter: Spur cell anemia

Cited by 5 publications

References 48 publications

Unveiling the Complexity of Red Blood Cells: Insights into Structure, Properties and Functions

Unveiling the Complexity of Red Blood Cells: Insights into Structure, Properties and Functions

Terminal maturation of human reticulocytes to red blood cells by extensive remodelling and progressive liquid ordering of membrane lipids

Thrombotic microangiopathy – the importance of a multidisciplinary approach

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