A three-dimensional computational model for intergranular cracking

Jivkov, Andrey P.; Stevens, Nicholas; Marrow, James

doi:10.1016/j.commatsci.2006.03.012

Cited by 46 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Three-dimensional brick elements and tetrahedral elements arranged to form space filling rhombic dodecahedra were employed in 47 , addressed to the assessment of the texture development predictions of Taylor and finite element models in BCC iron. A regular microstructure comprised of truncated octahedra, also referred to as a tetrakaidecahedra or mecons, each representing a single grain was employed by Jivkov et al 48 to study intergranular stress corrosion cracking in stainless steel with finite elements. The choice of the truncated octahedron as representative of a single grain is motivated by the authors by the fact that, among all the 3D space filling polyhedra, this polyhedron presents a coordination number (number of neighbor grains) closest to those observed in reality.…”

Section: Regular Simplified Morphologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several models have been proposed in the literature, but a unified treatment has not been attained, and it is maybe not attainable, due to the specificity of the material/environment/load set, which may change from application to application. Jivkov et al 48 developed a computational 3D mechanical model for IGSCC based on the regular representation of the microstructure with truncated octahedra. The model was intended as an advancement from percolation-like models 176,189 , by inclusion of mechanical effects that allow the assessment of the influence of branching and bridging on the crack driving force.…”

Section: Modelling Microstructural Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling Polycrystalline Materials: An Overview of Three-Dimensional Grain-Scale Mechanical Models

Benedetti

Barbe

2013

J. Multiscale Modelling

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A survey of recent contributions on three-dimensional grain-scale mechanical modelling of polycrystalline materials is given in this work. The analysis of material microstructures requires the generation of reliable micro-morphologies and affordable computational meshes as well as the description of the mechanical behavior of the elementary constituents and their interactions. The polycrystalline microstructure is characterized by the topology, morphology and crystallographic orientations of the individual grains and by the grain interfaces and microstructural defects, within the bulk grains and at the inter-granular interfaces. Their analysis has been until recently restricted to twodimensional cases, due to high computational requirements. In the last decade, however, the wider affordability of increased computational capability has promoted the development of fully three-dimensional models. In this work, different aspects involved in the grain-scale analysis of polycrystalline materials are considered. Different techniques for generating artificial micro-structures, ranging from highly idealized to experimentally based high-fidelity representations, are briefly reviewed. Structured and unstructured meshes are discussed. The main strategies for constitutive modelling of individual bulk grains and inter-granular interfaces are introduced. Some attention has also been devoted to three-dimensional multiscale approaches and some established and emerging applications have been discussed.

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Section: Regular Simplified Morphologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modelling Microstructural Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Polycrystalline Materials: An Overview of Three-Dimensional Grain-Scale Mechanical Models

Benedetti

Barbe

2013

J. Multiscale Modelling

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“…1(a). The cell is the closest topologically to the average grain shape in real materials and offers some computational advantages for meso-scale modelling of solids [10,11]. The cellular structure was used to construct a discrete diffusion model, where sites were placed at the cell faces, Fig 1(b), and connected by conducting bonds between neighbouring faces, Fig.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Discrete Model for Diffusion-Induced Grain Boundary Deterioration

Jivkov¹,

Yates

2013

KEM

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Abstract. Polycrystalline materials may suffer internal damage due to diffusion of chemically aggressive species during service. Diffusion rates are greatly enhanced on grain boundaries (GB). This can be modelled with discrete networks, where the GB structure is represented by links with local diffusivities. We present a site-bond model for concentration-driven diffusion that can be used to study the accumulation of chemical species at GB, leading to deterioration and eventual cracking. We employ realistic distributions of GB energies and corresponding diffusivities from published works. We show how the model can be used to predict macroscopic diffusivities with little experimentation. We demonstrate how the grain boundary structure controls the extent of internal damage resulting from the diffusion of chemical species.

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“…Two-dimensional [7,10] analytical and finite element models, and three-dimensional [11] finite element models for intergranular crack propagation, which quantify the effect of crack bridging ligaments on short crack development, have been developed. These models have been used to assess the effects of crack bridging and crack branching for a range of fractions of susceptible boundaries.…”

Section: Modelling Of Stress Corrosion Crackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain boundary control for improved intergranular stress corrosion cracking resistance in austenitic stainless steels: new approach

Marrow

Engelberg²,

Jivkov³

et al. 2006

Energy Materials

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Grain boundaries of special character have resistance to corrosion and intergranular stress corrosion. The character can be described using geometrical schemes such as the coincidence site lattice (CSL) model, in which boundaries with low CSL index (Σ) have lower energy and increased resistance. It has long been recognised that increasing the fraction of such boundaries will increase the resistance of a material to intergranular degradation. This paper describes work which has focussed on the behaviour of special grain boundaries in sensitised austenitic stainless steel. The aim of the work was to develop a general model for stress corrosion cracking, which would ultimately be capable of predicting the effects of the degree of sensitisation, the connectivity of special boundaries and the influence of stress gradients, such as those developed from surface preparation (machining or peening) or due to the stress concentration effect of pit formation.Experimental work using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis and in-situ high-resolution computed X-ray tomography has correlated cracking with the microstructure in a Type 304 austenitic stainless steel. In-situ 3D observations demonstrated that annealing twins cause local crack arrest and diversion, leaving non-fractured ligaments in the wake of the cracking path. The mechanical effects of the deformation and failure of these bridges have been modelled, demonstrating that special grain boundaries cause crack tip shielding. Increasing the fraction of special boundaries, and decreasing grain size, are both predicted to increase stress corrosion cracking resistance. Experimental observations, using room temperature intergranular stress corrosion tests and high temperature autoclave tests confirm these predictions for thermo-mechanically processes microstructures. The effects of applied stress and stress gradients are also predicted by the model, which may be extended to include the kinetics of crack growth, clustering of grain boundary types and variation of the degree of sensitisation.

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A three-dimensional computational model for intergranular cracking

Cited by 46 publications

References 26 publications

Modelling Polycrystalline Materials: An Overview of Three-Dimensional Grain-Scale Mechanical Models

Modelling Polycrystalline Materials: An Overview of Three-Dimensional Grain-Scale Mechanical Models

A Discrete Model for Diffusion-Induced Grain Boundary Deterioration

Grain boundary control for improved intergranular stress corrosion cracking resistance in austenitic stainless steels: new approach

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