A tomada de decisão em adultos jovens e em adultos idosos: um estudo comparativo

Abstract

O presente estudo comparou adultos jovens e adultos idosos em seu desempenho na IGT. A amostra foi constituída por de 72 indivíduos, distribuídos em dois grupos etários: 36 adultos jovens (M = 29,86, DP = 4,63) e 36 adultos idosos (M = 66,89, DP = 5,19). Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto às escolhas de cartas (p= 0,60), considerando o escore com base no cálculo (mental). Observaram-se, contudo, diferenças significativas no processo de aprendizagem (p = 0,026). considerando o escore com base na frequência (punição), não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas escolhas das cartas (p = 0,48) bem como no processo de aprendizagem (p = 0,076). Os resultados corroboram estudos anteriores, que minimizam a influência da idade na IGT. Sugerese que a forma de analisar os escores pode estar influenciando o entendimento do comportamento de escolha, juntamente a aspectos referentes à constituição da amostra.

O Iowa Gambling Task: uma revisão crítica

“…Bakos, Parente, & Bertagnolli, 2010;Bark, Dieckmann, Bogerts, & Northoff, 2005;Caroselli et al, 2006;Carvalho, 2010;Crone & van der Molen, 2004;Garon & Moore, 2004;Hooper et al, 2004;Huizenga et al, 2007;O'Carroll & Papps, 2003;Overman, 2004;Ritter, Meador-Woodruf, & Dalack, 2004;Schneider & Parente, 2006;Toplak, Jain, & Tannock, 2005;Wilder, Weinberger, & Goldberg, 1998).…”

Normal aging and decision-making: a systematic review of the literature of the last 10 years

“…More recently, Lamar and Resnick 28 observed the existence of this disproportionate susceptibility, where the tasks related to the orbitofrontal cortex function has greater sensitivity to the aging effects when compared to the one related with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex function. So, the lack of difference may be due to low sensitivity of IOWA for healthy aging 33,34 .…”

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) in Brazil: a systematic review

“…This review revealed a focus of Brazilian-based IGT studies on clinical populations with neuropsychiatric and personality disorders, which can probably be explained by the fact that the IGT is considered one of the few instruments sensitive to specific (ventromedial/orbito) frontal deficits, and many of the studies in psychiatry have focused on populations with such prefrontal involvement. 4,28 In fact, orbitofrontal cortex neural networks located in the prefrontal cortex are key circuits to both the cognitive process of decision-making and the regulation of social behavior. 20 Insults to this part of the cortex are associated with the onset of several behavioral disorders, including OCD and substance abuse, both of which show a negative impact on decision-making.…”

“…One possible caveat for such difference relative to other studies is the limited sample analyzed (n = 10). While two studies 28,41 found no differences in IGT net scores, both pointed to differences in the learning process in the different age groups tested (young/old, p = 0.026 28 ; and young [25.5±4.7 years old] vs. elderly [67.4±5.2 years old], p = 0.021 41 ). Another study 1 found no differences in either net scores or the learning process.…”

“…Cultural and demographic variables were analyzed in depth in six studies (16%). 1,25,28,29,36,41 Age was among the most frequently explored demographic characteristics explored: five articles 1,25,28,29,41 analyzed the effect of this variable on IGT performance. Only one of these studies 25 reported a significant difference in IGT net scores, with older adults (62.0±2.1 years old) showing higher net scores than the elderly (79.6±3.3 years old) (t[18] = 3.34, p = 0.04, d = 1.52) -the difference occurred only in decisionmaking (IGT).…”