A tractor-mounted scanning LIDAR for the non-destructive measurement of vegetative volume and surface area of tree-row plantations: A comparison with conventional destructive measurements

Rosell-Polo, Joan R.; Sanz, Ricardo; Llorens, Jordi; Arnò, Jaume; Escolà, Alexandre; Ribes-Dasi, Manel; Masip, Joan; Camp, Ferran; Gracia, Felip; Solanelles, F.; Pallejà, Tomàs; Val, L.; Planas, S.; Gil, Emilio; Palacín, Jordi

doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2008.10.009

Cited by 162 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The use of TLS has gained wide attention in forest management and agriculture as an effective and non-destructive means of measuring, e.g., 3D-structure of trees and vegetation canopies (canopy gap fractions), tree volumes and leaf-area [3][4][5]. 3D modelling has become important in archaeology, e.g., building surveys and site models [6,7], where TLS is used to construct 3D models and create photorealistic virtual copies of landscapes, buildings, and archaeological features (see also [8]).…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, vehicle based systems are capable of faster and more effective data acquisition than the traditional stationary (multi-scan) laser scanning [21]. Further development and applications can also be expected in 3D city modelling (buildings and roads) [20,23], and agricultural studies [5].…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selection of points can also be made based on intensity, e.g., to separate foliage from wood in trees to generate tree skeletons and reconstruct branching structures [4]. Using the attenuation of TLS intensity in beam transmission provides a non-destructive means of tree-volume and leaf-area measurement in crop leaf area testing [5].…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiometric Calibration of Terrestrial Laser Scanners with External Reference Targets

et al. 2009

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Abstract:The intensity data produced by terrestrial laser scanners has become a topic of increasing interest in the remote sensing community. We present a case study of radiometric calibration for two phase-shift continuous wave (CW) terrestrial scanners and discuss some major issues in correcting and applying the intensity data, and a practical calibration scheme based on external reference targets. There are differences in the operation of detectors of different (although similar type) instruments, and the detector effects must be known in order to calibrate the intensity data into values representing the target reflectance. It is, therefore, important that the effects of distance and target reflectance on the recorded intensity are carefully studied before using the intensity data from any terrestrial laser scanner.

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Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiometric Calibration of Terrestrial Laser Scanners with External Reference Targets

et al. 2009

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“…Cunha et al (2005) observed that one of the causes of product loss is spray volume that is inappropriate for specific crop characteristics. The crop canopy is one of the most important of these characteristics (ROSELL POLO et al, 2009). According to Viana et al (2010), uniform distribution within a specific diameter and using a specific number of droplets can lead to successful applications even at lower spray volumes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spray deposition on coffee leaves from airblast sprayers with and without electrostatic charge

et al. 2015

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ABSTRACT:Studies on the quality of applications of plant protection products on coffee crops are lacking. Thus, we studied spray deposition on coffee leaves and losses to the soil from hydropneumatic spraying at different spray volumes and with and without an electrostatic charge. The experiment was set up using randomized blocks in a factorial design (4 x 2 + 1). Spray deposition on the upper, middle and lower parts of the canopy and losses to the soil were evaluated using Brilliant Blue tracer. Applications were made at 200, 300, 400 and 500 L ha -1 with a conventional airblast sprayer (axial fan type) and an airblast sprayer with directed air jets. Applications were also made with an electrostatic sprayer at 130 L ha -1 . Electrostatic spraying resulted in greater spray deposition on the lower part of the coffee canopy compared to non-electrostatic spraying. On the lower and middle parts of the plants, the sprayer equipped with directed air ducts performed better than the sprayer with nozzles arranged along the lateral arcs (axial). The spray volume of the airblast sprayers without electrostatic charge (200 to 500 L ha -1 ) did not influence spray deposition on the plant leaves and losses to the soil, which were lower with the electrostatic sprayer.

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“…Although the use of TLS intensity data as reflectance information has been proved to be effective to separate foliage from wood in trees and other applications [8,30], it is not useful to define a fixed set of filter parameters under the conditions of the present study. Intensities should be calibrated with an external reference if the aim is to develop an effective intensity-based filter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correction of Erroneous LiDAR Measurements in Artificial Forest Canopy Experimental Setups

Cifuentes

Zande

Salas

et al. 2014

Forests

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Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data makes possible to directly characterize the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of canopy foliage elements. The scanned edges of these elements may result in incorrectly point measurements (i.e., "ghost points") impacting the quality of point cloud data. Therefore, estimation of the ghost points' spatial visibilities, measurement of their characteristics and their removal are essential. In order to quantify the improvements on data quality, a method is developed in this study to efficiently correct for ghost points. Since the occurrence of ghost points is governed by a number of factors, (e.g., scanning resolution and distance, object properties, incident angle); the developed method is based on the analysis of the effects of these factors under controlled conditions where canopy-like objects (i.e., leaves, branches and layers of leaves) were scanned using a continuous-wave TLS system that employs phase-shift technology. Manual extraction of ghost points was done in order to calculate the relative amount of ghost points per scan, or ghost points ratio (gpr). The gpr values were computed in order to: (i) analyze their relationships with variables representing the above factors; and (ii) be used as a reference to evaluate the performance of filters used for extraction of ghost points. The ghost points' occurrence was modeled by fitting regression models using different predictor variables OPEN ACCESSForests 2014, 5 1566 that represent the variables under study. The obtained results indicated that reduced models with three predictors were suitable for gpr estimation in artificial leaves and in artificial branches, with a relative root mean squared error (RMSE) of 4.7% and 3.7%, respectively; while the full model with four predictors was appropriate for artificial layers of leaves, with relative RMSE of 4.5%. According to the statistical analysis, scanning distance was identified as the most important variable for modeling ghost points occurrence. Results indicated that optimized distance-based filters relative to the scanning distance have improved the outcomes in ghost points detection, in comparison to standard filtering criteria. These results suggest that more accurate characterization of forest canopy 3D structures can be achieved by removing ghost points using the new developed method.

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A tractor-mounted scanning LIDAR for the non-destructive measurement of vegetative volume and surface area of tree-row plantations: A comparison with conventional destructive measurements

Cited by 162 publications

References 13 publications

Radiometric Calibration of Terrestrial Laser Scanners with External Reference Targets

Radiometric Calibration of Terrestrial Laser Scanners with External Reference Targets

Spray deposition on coffee leaves from airblast sprayers with and without electrostatic charge

Correction of Erroneous LiDAR Measurements in Artificial Forest Canopy Experimental Setups

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