A transitory signaling center controls timing of primordial germ cell differentiation

Banisch, Torsten U.; Slaidina, Maija; Gupta, Selena; Ho, Megan; Gilboa, Lilach; Lehmann, Ruth

doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2021.05.008

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Knowledge about how PGCs are induced comes largely from studies in model mammals, including nonhuman primates, 86 , 87 , 89 – 95 mice, 12 , 83 , 85 , 96 – 108 and pigs. 109 – 118 Studies in the other group of model organisms, including chicken, 119 – 126 zebrafish, 63 , 64 , 66 , 67 , 127 medaka, 128 – 136 frogs, 55 – 57 , 137 Drosophila, 138 – 146 and Caenorhabditis elegans, 147 – 156 provide abundant information about PGC specification by preformation or maternally inherited determinants. The PGCs in these two groups of organisms show a similarity that is the presence of some kind of aggregate of electron-dense, basophilic bodies containing the proteins and RNAs, (e.g., VASA, NANOS, and MAGO) in their cytoplasm.…”

Section: Precursors For the Gametes: Human Primordial Germ Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dashed lines indicate synergetic role mPGCs and exert long-range effects on the migrating population of mPGCs. 235 Screening for the factors involved in PGC migration has identified a number of signaling molecules essential for the migration from a variety of animals, including Drosophila, 138,236 Xenopus laevis, 237 zebrafish, 119,[238][239][240] chicken, 119,241 and mice. 15,227,230,[242][243][244][245][246][247][248][249][250][251] Several signaling pathways of PGC migration are conserved in humans.…”

Section: Migration and Colonization Of Hpgcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Germline stem cells in human

Cheng

Shang

Zhou

2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

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The germline cells are essential for the propagation of human beings, thus essential for the survival of mankind. The germline stem cells, as a unique cell type, generate various states of germ stem cells and then differentiate into specialized cells, spermatozoa and ova, for producing offspring, while self-renew to generate more stem cells. Abnormal development of germline stem cells often causes severe diseases in humans, including infertility and cancer. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) first emerge during early embryonic development, migrate into the gentile ridge, and then join in the formation of gonads. In males, they differentiate into spermatogonial stem cells, which give rise to spermatozoa via meiosis from the onset of puberty, while in females, the female germline stem cells (FGSCs) retain stemness in the ovary and initiate meiosis to generate oocytes. Primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) can be induced in vitro from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we focus on current advances in these embryonic and adult germline stem cells, and the induced PGCLCs in humans, provide an overview of molecular mechanisms underlying the development and differentiation of the germline stem cells and outline their physiological functions, pathological implications, and clinical applications.

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Section: Precursors For the Gametes: Human Primordial Germ Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Migration and Colonization Of Hpgcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germline stem cells in human

Cheng

Shang

Zhou

2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

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“…1) [23]. By the mid-third instar larval (ML3), somatic swarm cells (SwCs) are located dorsolaterally [24]. Also, terminal filament cells (TFCs) first appear and start to proliferate (Fig.…”

Section: Formation Of the Drosophila Ovarian Nichementioning

confidence: 99%

Niche formation and function in developing tissue: studies from the Drosophila ovary

Jin

Zhao

2023

Cell Commun Signal

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Adult stem cells have a unique ability to self-renew and to generate differentiated daughter cells that are required in the body tissues. The identity of adult stem cells is maintained by extrinsic signals from other cell types, known as niche cells. Thus, the niche is required for appropriate tissue homeostasis. Niche is formed and recruits stem cells during tissue development; therefore, it is essential to establish niche cells and stem cells in proper numbers during development. A small niche may recruit too few stem cells and cause tissue degeneration, while a large niche may maintain too many stem cells and lead to tumorigenesis. Given that vertebrate tissues are not suitable for large-scale forward genetics studies, the Drosophila ovary stands out as an excellent model for studying how multiple niche cell types and germ cells (GCs) are coordinately regulated in vivo. Recent studies are beginning to reveal how various signaling molecules regulate niche formation and how niche cells non-autonomously influence GC number. In this review, we summarize the ovarian niche structure, the key signaling pathways for niche formation, and how niche cells generate extrinsic factors to control GC proliferation during ovarian development.

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“…Recently, the transcription factor Krüppel (Kr) has been demonstrated to be involved in the temporal regulation of bam transcription independently of the dpp signaling. [29]. Krüppel suppresses bam transcription in the germ cells at the larval stages preventing their precocious differentiation into CBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides trans acting factors, cis regulatory elements are essential for the proper temporal control of bam transcription. A suppressor element, located upstream of the transcription start site, associates with Kr to maintain the repressed state of bam in the larval germ cells [29]. Another 18 bp long silencer element (SE) in the 5 UTR of the bam gene mediates the dpp-dependent suppression of bam transcription in the GSCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophila MESR4 Gene Ensures Germline Stem Cell Differentiation by Promoting the Transcription of bag of marbles

Szarka-Kovács

Takács

Bence

et al. 2022

Cells

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Ovarian germline stem cells (GSCs) of Drosophila melanogaster provide a valuable in vivo model to investigate how the adult stem cell identity is maintained and the differentiation of the daughter cells is regulated. GSCs are embedded into a specialized cellular microenvironment, the so-called stem cell niche. Besides the complex signaling interactions between the germ cells and the niche cells, the germ cell intrinsic mechanisms, such as chromatin regulation and transcriptional control, are also crucial in the decision about self-renewal and differentiation. The key differentiation regulator gene is the bag of marbles (bam), which is transcriptionally repressed in the GSCs and de-repressed in the differentiating daughter cell. Here, we show that the transcription factor MESR4 functions in the germline to promote GSC daughter differentiation. We find that the loss of MESR4 results in the accumulation of GSC daughter cells which fail to transit from the pre-cystoblast (pre-CB) to the differentiated cystoblast (CB) stage. The forced expression of bam can rescue this differentiation defect. By a series of epistasis experiments and a transcriptional analysis, we demonstrate that MESR4 positively regulates the transcription of bam. Our results suggest that lack of repression alone is not sufficient, but MESR4-mediated transcriptional activation is also required for bam expression.

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A transitory signaling center controls timing of primordial germ cell differentiation

Cited by 13 publications

References 95 publications

Germline stem cells in human

Germline stem cells in human

Niche formation and function in developing tissue: studies from the Drosophila ovary

Drosophila MESR4 Gene Ensures Germline Stem Cell Differentiation by Promoting the Transcription of bag of marbles

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