A transmissão vertical do HIV em Porto Alegre, Brasil:  um estudo caso-controle / The vertical transmission of HIV in Porto Alegre, Brazil:  a case-control study

Acosta, Lisiane Morelia Weide; Pattussi, Marcos Pascoal; Barcellos, Nêmora Tregnago

doi:10.34119/bjhrv5n4-055

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As part of a national HIV strategy, the Zambian Ministry of Health prioritized HIV screening in pregnancy and allocated health funding from PEPFAR and other sources to increase the availability of HIV testing kits. Lastly, 43% of our cohort were coinfected with HIV and syphilis, compared to other studies in SSA where the HIV and syphilis coinfection rate in pregnant women ranged from 1-10% [22][23][24].…”

Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 54%

Benzathine penicillin G stockouts and other barriers to documented syphilis treatment in pregnancy in Zambia

Jones,

Manasyan,

Xue

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Objective The prevalence of syphilis in Zambia remains high and is a critical public health concern. The Zambian Ministry of Health recommends universal screening and same-day treatment for syphilis in pregnancy, yet the syphilis screening rate is low, and treatment is poorly documented. The goal of this study was to document syphilis treatment rates and associated factors among pregnant women in care in Zambia. Methods This retrospective cohort study included pregnant women diagnosed with syphilis according to rapid plasma reagin (RPR) screening during routine antenatal care (ANC) in Lusaka, Zambia in 2018–2019. The main outcome of interest was lack of documented BPG treatment during pregnancy. Additional information about pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, partner referral for therapy, and facility level stockout data were included. Patient characteristics were compared by treatment status using Pearson Chi-Square Test and logistic regression models were created to estimate the association between individual level-factors, facility type, and lack of BPG treatment. A Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test was used to evaluate facility-level data with significance set at p<0.05. Results Among 1,231 pregnant women who screened positive for syphilis at clinic, 643 (52%) lacked documented antibiotic treatment at the facility. BPG was the only antibiotic used to treat syphilis in the cohort and 8% of sex partners had evidence of referral for therapy. Preterm delivery rates were higher in women without documented BPG (43% vs 32%; p = 0.003). In adjusted models, only calendar year and hospital facility type were associated with lack of treatment. At the facility level, annual syphilis screening rates ranged from 37–65% and most (7/10) clinics reported at least one stockout of BPG. Conclusion Treatment rates for syphilis in pregnancy in Zambia were low and BPG medication stockouts at the facility level were common. A consistent supply of BPG at all ANC facilities is needed to facilitate timely treatment and improve birth outcomes.

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Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 54%

Benzathine penicillin G stockouts and other barriers to documented syphilis treatment in pregnancy in Zambia

Jones,

Manasyan,

Xue

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…And only one pregnant woman presented vulvar condyloma during pregnancy, caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), which is the most common sexually transmitted infection. Young women aged 20 to 35 are at high risk of HPV infection due to being more sexually active; additionally, the altered hormonal environment and decreased immunity during pregnancy may favor the presence or persistence of this infection [28]. 7.…”

Section: Clinical Characteristics Of Pregnant Women Treated At Hdt-uf...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Various Factors and HIV Infection in Pregnancy: A Clinico- Epidemiological Review

Carvalho,

Júnior,

Sampaio

et al. 2024

INDJ

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HIV infection among pregnant women has been on the rise, demanding efforts to prevent vertical transmission. This study analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HIV-positive pregnant women treated at the Hospital of Tropical Diseases of the Federal University of Tocantins between 2015 and 2019. Out of the 85 pregnant women analyzed, the majority were between 26 and 34 years old, with 37.64% completing high school. Most resided in Tocantins and had stable partners, with 44.11% unaware of their serological status. Women aged ≥25 years showed lower viral load detection. The majority already had HIV before prenatal care, but only 45.88% started follow-up in the first trimester. Treatment adherence was high, but 14.10% dropped out. The analysis highlighted the need for specific strategies for young pregnant women, emphasizing the importance of prenatal exams for early diagnosis and immediate treatment initiation, reducing vertical transmission. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) was crucial, although cases of dropout underscored the need for emotional support. The results reinforce the importance of health policies tailored to the needs of HIV-positive pregnant women, aiming to ensure a holistic and effective approach to this vulnerable population.

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Risks of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hiv

Souza¹,

Araújo²,

Silva³

et al. 2022

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Vertical transmission is a condition in which the virus is infected from mother to child and can have some consequences and risks during pregnancy and at the time of delivery. It is estimated that the incidence of vertical transmission occurs in 25% of pregnancies of infected women when there are no prophylactic measures and therapeutic interventions, resulting in high rates of mortality and disease progression. Contact with contaminated fluids can lead children to contract the virus in the first few months of life. The factors involved include several failures in the health system and maternity. Thus, the present study is based on the following justification: In health services and in the social context, there are difficulties and gaps that contribute to the risk factors of vertical transmission of HIV, constituting negative results for the control of the disease. In view of this, the objective of this research is to identify in the literature which are the existing difficulties that influence the prophylactic measures of vertical transmission. This study was carried out through an integrative literature review, through a survey of data in the scientific bases: LILACS, SCIELO and BDENF. The results obtained indicate that the failure to take prophylactic measures during pregnancy, due to negligence in prenatal consultations, is considered one of the aggravating factors for the risk of VT. Without early diagnosis, without knowledge of the virus, the pregnant woman does not undergo treatment with antiretroviral medication, with this, the immune system is more vulnerable to weakening and risks of complications during pregnancy.

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A transmissão vertical do HIV em Porto Alegre, Brasil: um estudo caso-controle / The vertical transmission of HIV in Porto Alegre, Brazil: a case-control study

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Benzathine penicillin G stockouts and other barriers to documented syphilis treatment in pregnancy in Zambia

Benzathine penicillin G stockouts and other barriers to documented syphilis treatment in pregnancy in Zambia

Association of Various Factors and HIV Infection in Pregnancy: A Clinico- Epidemiological Review

Risks of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hiv

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