A triangular Dy₃ single-molecule toroic with high inversion energy barrier: magnetic properties and multiple-step assembly mechanism

Abstract

A Dy3 complex with the highest energy barrier of all reported triangular-shaped Ln3 single-molecule toroics.

Assembly of Dy60 and Dy30 cage-shaped nanoclusters

“…In the design and synthesis of high-nuclearity lanthanide clusters, multidentate chelating ligands can rapidly bind and stabilize Ln(III) ions, making their self-assembly regular [15][16][17][18][19] . The selection of suitable multidentate chelating ligands is instrumental for studies on the assembly mechanism of high-nuclearity lanthanide clusters 20,21 . The acylhydrazone ligands with strong chelating ability, multiple coordination modes, and easily changing coordination configurations have made progress in the synthesis of low-nuclear lanthanide clusters [15][16][17] ; however, their use in the design and synthesis of giant lanthanide clusters is rare 18,19 .…”

“…In the hydrothermal/solvothermal "black box" system under certain temperature and pressure conditions, the temperature and pressure in a closed system make the collision between reaction species confusing. Thus, the exploration of the assembly mechanism of coordination molecular clusters is slow [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] . Although complex, progress has been made in polyoxometalates [22][23][24][25]36,37 , coordination supramolecular systems 38,39 , coordination molecular cages 26,[40][41][42][43][44][45] , 3d metal-ion clusters [30][31][32][33] , and so on 46,47 .…”

“…Although complex, progress has been made in polyoxometalates [22][23][24][25]36,37 , coordination supramolecular systems 38,39 , coordination molecular cages 26,[40][41][42][43][44][45] , 3d metal-ion clusters [30][31][32][33] , and so on 46,47 . Highvalence Ln(III) ions usually have complex coordination configurations, rich and diverse coordination modes, and coordination balls that are prone to distortion 20,21,[48][49][50] . Such drawbacks lead to the formation of several types of assembly methods in the synthesis of high-nuclearity lanthanide clusters, such as multitemplate induction and stepwise assembly 20,21,[48][49][50] .…”

“…Highvalence Ln(III) ions usually have complex coordination configurations, rich and diverse coordination modes, and coordination balls that are prone to distortion 20,21,[48][49][50] . Such drawbacks lead to the formation of several types of assembly methods in the synthesis of high-nuclearity lanthanide clusters, such as multitemplate induction and stepwise assembly 20,21,[48][49][50] . Given that various assembly methods exist, the formation process of highnuclearity lanthanide clusters is confusing and exploring the assembly mechanism is difficult 20,21,[48][49][50] .…”

“…Such drawbacks lead to the formation of several types of assembly methods in the synthesis of high-nuclearity lanthanide clusters, such as multitemplate induction and stepwise assembly 20,21,[48][49][50] . Given that various assembly methods exist, the formation process of highnuclearity lanthanide clusters is confusing and exploring the assembly mechanism is difficult 20,21,[48][49][50] . Therefore, studies on the assembly mechanism of lanthanide clusters are limited 20,21,[48][49][50][51] .…”