“…Particularly, three-dimensional inverse opal (IO) photonic crystals with interconnected microporous structures have been widely employed to construct various sensors based on the changeable reflectance peak, such as organic solvents [22,23], explosives [28], cocaine [29] and staphylococcal enterotoxin [30]. The fluorescence sensors based on IO photonic crystals have also been developed to detect metal ions [31,32], amino acids [33], and microRNAs [34]. For example, our group have constructed highly sensitive and fast response film fluorescence sensors of Bi 2+ [31], Fe 3+ and Hg 2+ [32], and cysteine [33] by combining the optical properties and the structural advantages of IO photonic crystals.…”