A two-party quantum parliament

Abstract

This paper introduces the first functional model of a quantum parliament that is dominated by two parties or coalitions, and may or may not contain independent legislators. We identify a single crucial parameter, aptly named free will radius, that can be used as a practical measure of the quantumness of the parties and the parliament as a whole. The free will radius used by the two parties determines the degree of independence that is afforded to the representatives of the parties. Setting the free will radius to zero degrades the quantum parliament to a classical one. On the other hand, setting the free will radius to its maximum value 1, makes the representatives totally independent. Moreover, we present a quantum circuit with which we simulate in Qiskit the operation of the quantum parliament under various scenarios. The experimental results allow to arrive at some novel and fundamental conclusions that, we believe, provide new insights on the operation and the traits of a possible future quantum parliament. Finally, we propose the novel game of "Passing the Bill," which captures the operation of the quantum parliament and basic options available to the leadership of the two parties.