A Two-stage Autonomous EV Charging Coordination Method Enabled by Blockchain

Abstract

Increasing electric vehicle (EV) penetration in distribution networks necessitate EV charging coordination. This paper proposes a two-stage EV charging coordination mechanism that frees the distribution system operator (DSO) from extra burdens of EV charging coordination. The first stage ensures that the total charging demand meets facility constraints, and the second stage ensures fair charging welfare allocation while maximizing the total charging welfare via Nash-bargaining trading. A decentralized algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is proposed to protect individual privacy. The proposed mechanism is implemented on the blockchain to enable trustworthy EV charging coordination in case a third-party coordinator is absent. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach. Index Terms--Electric vehicle (EV) charging coordination, Nash bargaining, alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), blockchain.

Coordinated bidding and trading strategy for wind power and thermostatic load in a novel market framework

“…Based on consensus algorithm, some individual participants are selected as delegates which serve as central coordinators. The blockchain‐based implementation enables a trusted coordination process, which is detailed in [25].…”

“…Thus, in order to reflect the contribution of each member in the allocation process, ANB is applied in [26] and [27].Since wind power and TCLs are belong to different economic entities, it is so challenging to collect all private information that centralized optimization methods may be not suitable to this case. Considering the good convergence of the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) decomposition technique in handling convex optimization problems [28], a two-stage Nash bargaining trading can be solved by ADMM in a decentralized manner [24,25].…”

“…However, they both require revenue calculations in different alliance combination scenarios which increases the computation burden. To effectively design benefit allocation mechanisms, symmetric Nash bargaining theory (SNB) is adopted in [24] and [25]. Through SNB, the benefits are distributed in an averagely‐weighted manner [26].…”

Adapted Stochastic PV Hosting Capacity Approach for Electric Vehicle Charging Considering Undervoltage

“…Several EV charge hosting capacity methods using stochastic methods have been proposed, including some of the uncertainties [3,7,10,12,16,17,[19][20][21][22]. There are two types of uncertainties, aleatory, and epistemic uncertainties [22].…”

“…The increase in the share of electric vehicles will increase EV charging in distribution networks. This increase will result in an expected increase in energy and peak power consumption [2,7]. The former is a challenge for the power generation side, while the latter is a challenge for the power distribution side.…”