A type 2 diabetes mellitus patient was successfully treated by autologous bone marrow-derived stem cell transplantation: A case report

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) iscurrently one of the most common diseases as a result of obesity and aging. Currently, T2DMis treated by various methods, such as insulin injection and glucose regulation agents. In this report, we report the case of a T2DM patient who was successfully treated by autologous bone marrow-derived stem cell transplantation.
 Methods: The patient was diagnosed with T2DM by standard methods for more than ten years. The patient agreed to be treated by the new approach – autologous bone marrow-derived stem cell transplantation. The bone marrow was collected from the patient twice at 100 mL volume each time. The stem cellenriched mononuclear cells (MNCs) in the bone marrow were isolated by gradient centrifugation. MNCs were intravenously transfused into the patient twice within the 1-month interval. The lasting glucose and 2h-after meal glucose, as well as hemoglobin A1c (Hab1c), were recorded before transplantation, and 1-, 3-, and 6-months post-transplantation.
 Results: The results showed that there were no adverse effect recorded during the monitoring period, and that the T2DM symptoms significantly improved. After the first round of transplantation, the glucose level reduced considerably and continued to decrease out to 3 months. Meanwhile, after 2 months of transplantation, the Hab1C level decreased and achieved the average level at the 3rd month of treatment. After 6 months, the patient was free from insulin injection and maintained glucose and Hab1c level. To date, after 9 months of treatment; the patients has continued to be free from insulin injection and without any adverse effects.
 Conclusion: The primary results have suggested that autologous bone marrow-derived stem cell transplantation may be a new direction for T2DM treatment.

An Update on the Progress of Isolation, Culture, Storage, and Clinical Application of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells

“…On the other hand, the infusion of BMSCs suppressed helper T-cell development, thus attenuating immune responses and inflammatory damage [147]. Type I and type II diabetes have been the targets of BMSCs therapy [148][149][150][151]. There are several completed and in processing clinical trials registered in the database of U.S National Library of Medicine that used BMSCs in phase I to phase III clinical trials.…”

“…There are several completed and in processing clinical trials registered in the database of U.S National Library of Medicine that used BMSCs in phase I to phase III clinical trials. After nine months of BMSCs intravenously transfusion, diabetic patients are free from insulin injections without any side effects [151]. In addition, a randomized trial in 21 patients who underwent BMSCs infusion of a superior pancreaticoduodenal artery or splenic artery significantly reduced the insulin requirement dose, but did not show the improvement of insulin sensitivity [150].…”

Applying stem cell therapy in intractable diseases: a narrative review of decades of progress and challenges

“…A study on the viability of engineered pancreatic islets in hypoxic environments, when co-cultured with Wharton’s jelly MSCs, showed higher viability, higher vascularisation and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines compared to negative controls ( 129 ). Studies reported that insulin requirement and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels had decreased following transplantation of autologous BM-MSCs in T2DM patients ( 22 , 130 ). However, the effects of SCT were short-lived suggesting this treatment is more efficacious in patients with less than 10 years of T2DM and body mass index of less than 23 ( 131 ).…”

“…Since then, many milestones have been achieved in the field of SCT ( Figure 2 ). SCT has been applied in various intractable diseases such as haematological diseases ( 17 , 18 ), neurological diseases ( 19 , 20 ), diabetes mellitus ( 21 , 22 ), retinal degenerative disorders ( 23 , 24 ) and COVID-19 infections ( 25 , 26 ). With positive therapeutic outcomes of stem cell research, various stem cell techniques have been innovated such as stem cell isolation methods and in vitro cell culture protocols ( 7 , 9 ).…”

Efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell therapy on glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Diabetes mellitus is a major disease that is on the rise worldwide 1,2 . In this disease, insulin resistance or defects in insulin secretion lead to a metabolic disorder caused by hyperglycemia 2,3 . The disease is divided into two subgroups: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes 4 .…”