A Typology of Community Violence Perpetration and Victimization Among Adults With Mental Illnesses

Johnson, K; Desmarais, Sarah L.; Dorn, Richard A. Van; Grimm, Kevin J.

doi:10.1177/0886260514535102

Cited by 18 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Previous findings on the association between depression and intimate partner aggression has been mixed. Depression has been linked to lifetime intimate partner aggression (Johnson et al, 2014), and being a victim and being an aggressor of IPV (Johnson KL et al, 2015), but a statistical association was not seen with past-year intimate partner aggression (Reingle et al, 2014). Johnson et al (2014), suggests that individuals with psychiatric disorders are not likely to report interpersonal violence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse childhood experiences and intimate partner aggression in the US: Sex differences and similarities in psychosocial mediation

Brown

Perera

Masho

et al. 2015

Social Science & Medicine

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Six in ten people in the general population have been exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health problem in the US. The main objective of this study was to assess sex differences in the role of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance abuse, and depression as mediators in the association between ACEs and intimate partner aggression. Data were obtained from Wave 2 (2004–2005) of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the mediational role of PTSD, substance abuse and depression in the association between ACE constructs (neglect, physical/psychological abuse, sexual abuse, parental violence, and parental incarceration/psychopathology) and intimate partner aggression. Among men, PTSD mediated the relationship between sexual abuse and intimate partner aggression. However, among men and women, substance abuse mediated the relationship between physical and psychological abuse and intimate partner aggression. IPV programs geared towards aggressors should address abuse (sexual, physical and psychological), which occurred during childhood and recent substance abuse and PTSD. These programs should be implemented for men and women. Programs aimed at preventing abuse of children may help to reduce rates of depression and PTSD in adulthood, and subsequent intimate partner aggression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse childhood experiences and intimate partner aggression in the US: Sex differences and similarities in psychosocial mediation

Brown

Perera

Masho

et al. 2015

Social Science & Medicine

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“…Proximal factors – that is, those that are currently present or occurred in the recent past – may be of particular relevance, as transitions between classifications of violence likely reflect changes in clinical functioning. Specifically, alcohol and drug use are known correlates of violence (Swanson et al, 2006; Van Dorn et al, 2012; Witt et al, 2013) and victimization (Goodman et al, 2001; Hiday et al, 1999; Teasdale, 2009) among adults with mental illnesses, and recent findings support their association with both outcomes in the same sample (Johnson et al, 2015; Roaldset & Bjørkly, 2015). Similarly, although the empirical evidence regarding strength and direction of associations is somewhat mixed, psychiatric symptoms are widely regarded as relevant to risk of violence and victimization in this population (Bjørkly, 2002; Douglas et al, 2009; Fazel et al, 2009; Roaldset & Bjørkly, 2015; Teasdale, 2009; Van Dorn et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Theoretical perspectives, such as the general theory of crime (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990), I 3 theory (Finkel, 2014), and the general aggression model (DeWall, Anderson, & Bushman, 2011) suggest that individual characteristics, including alcohol and drug use and exacerbated symptom profiles, may work to inhibit self-control, thus increasing the risk of both perpetration and victimization (Piquero, MacDonald, Dobrin, Daigle, & Cullen, 2005; Pratt, Turanovic, Fox, & Wright, 2013). However, there have been only a handful of investigations of the overlap between violence and victimization in adults with mental illnesses (Jennings et al, 2012; Johnson et al, 2015). Consequently, whether some individuals are at greater risk of both violence and victimization compared to only one outcome – or neither – at any given time is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, secondary data on 4,474 adults with mental illnesses were examined to identify the baseline prevalence and characteristics of a typology of violence and victimization defined by four groups: non-victim/non-perpetrator, victim only, perpetrator only, and victim-perpetrator (Johnson et al, 2015). Results showed that the majority of the sample reported neither violence nor victimization in a 6-month time period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A longitudinal analysis of the overlap between violence and victimization among adults with mental illnesses

Johnson

Desmarais

Tueller

et al. 2016

Psychiatry Research

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Prior research suggests considerable overlap of violence perpetration and victimization among adults with mental illnesses. However, there has been no examination of how the likelihood of being a victim and/or perpetrator of violence may change over time, nor consideration of clinically-relevant factors affecting these transitions. In a pooled sample of adults with mental illnesses (N=3,473) we employed latent transition analysis to: (a) determine prevalence of four violence and victimization classifications (i.e., non-victim/non-perpetrator, victim only, perpetrator only, and victim-perpetrator) over a 6-month period; (b) calculate the likelihood that adults with mental illnesses will remain in or transition between these classifications over time; and (c) assess the effects of recent substance use, psychiatric symptoms, and suicidal behaviors on transitions over time. At each time point, the majority of participants identified as non-victim/non-perpetrators, followed by victim-perpetrators, victims only, and perpetrators only. Analyses also revealed many individuals transitioned between classifications over time. These distinct pathways towards, and away from, violent outcomes were, in part, a function of recent violence and/or victimization, as well as substance use, psychiatric symptoms, and suicidal behaviors. Findings inform the identification of adults with mental illnesses at risk of violence and victimization and highlight points of intervention.

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“…Due to high rates of utilization of emergency departments by low-resourced black emerging adults suffering from non-fatal violent injuries related to CVE, the emergency room is an ideal site for initiating treatment and prevention programs for this population (Walls et al, 2002). Overall, given the limited amount of studies found and increasing rates of substance use (Adams et al, 2014; SAMHSA, 2014), violence perpetration (Haynie et al, 2013; Johnson et al, 2014) and sexual risk-taking behaviors (Voisin , 2003; Voisin, 2005) among black emerging adults, the relationship between CVE and these adverse outcomes merits a great deal more attention in research.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Violence Exposure and Risk Taking Behaviors Among Black Emerging Adults: A Systematic Review

2017

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Black emerging adults ages 18–29, particularly those residing in predominantly black urban communities, are at risk for community violence exposure (CVE). This potentially traumatic event may induce traumatic stress reactions for black emerging adults that contribute to their engagement in violence perpetration, substance use and/or sexual risk-taking behaviors as a way to cope with their experiences. To address these identified concerns and make recommendations for future research, this article identifies and synthesizes results from studies that have examined CVE and its association with violence perpetration, substance use, and sexual risk-taking behaviors among black emerging adults. We use the term “black” throughout the article to refer to a socially constructed racial group or identity and recognize that this group, like all other racial groups in the United States, are ethnically heterogeneous. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify studies that (1) included a measure of CVE (2) included a measure of violence perpetration, substance use, or sexual risk-taking behaviors, and (3) included primarily black emerging adults. Results showed CVE rates as high as 83% for black emerging adults. CVE was significantly associated with substance use, but findings on the association of CVE with violence perpetration and sexual risk-taking behaviors were mixed. Also, there was a lack of consistency in measures used to assess CVE, suggesting that future research should seek to identify “gold standard” measures and consider whether they have been examined with black emerging adults or similar populations and whether they capture the experiences of this unique population. Furthermore, studies investigating factors that might moderate and/or mediate the relationship between CVE, violence perpetration, substance use, and sexual risk-taking behaviors among black emerging adults are warranted.

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A Typology of Community Violence Perpetration and Victimization Among Adults With Mental Illnesses

Cited by 18 publications

References 41 publications

Adverse childhood experiences and intimate partner aggression in the US: Sex differences and similarities in psychosocial mediation

Adverse childhood experiences and intimate partner aggression in the US: Sex differences and similarities in psychosocial mediation

A longitudinal analysis of the overlap between violence and victimization among adults with mental illnesses

Community Violence Exposure and Risk Taking Behaviors Among Black Emerging Adults: A Systematic Review

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