“…Over the last couple of years several interesting studies have considered water and energy issues within batch process scheduling, where the main goal was to develop a methodology that could be applied for solving the overall problem including scheduling, and heat and water minimisation. Following this research direction, Halim and Srinivasan (2011) proposed a sequential approach in order to address water and energy optimisation during batch process scheduling, and later Adekola et al (2012Adekola et al ( , 2013 presented a unified framework for the simultaneous optimisation of water and energy in multipurpose batch processes by considering direct and indirect heat integration. Finally, Majozi (2013, 2014) presented an improved model for water and energy optimisation within a multipurpose batch plant.…”