A unique polysaccharide containing 3- O -methylarabinose and 3- O -methylgalactose from Tinospora sinensis

Abstract

Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merrill is of great therapeutic significance in Indian traditional medicine. Crude polysaccharides were isolated from methanol pre-extracted stems of dried material by successive extractions with cold water, hot water and NaOH (0.25 mol/L) in 0.98, 0.55 and 0.70 % yields respectively. Cold water soluble polysaccharides (CWSP) were purified and fractionated by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel. Neutral polysaccharides were further fractionated on Sepharose CL6B to yield three fractions TW1, TW2, TW3. The study further focuses on structural elucidation of TW1. TW1 was obtained in 0.8 % yield relative to CWSP, with MW of 1.6 × 10 Da. It was composed of 3-O-methyl-arabinose, 3-O-methyl-galactose and galactose in molar ratio of 1.0:6.3:0.9 respectively. Based on per-deuteromethylation, NMR and ESI-MS analyses, TW1 was composed of 1,4-linked 3-O-methyl-β-d-galactopyranose and β-d-galactopyranose backbone with branching at O-6 of 3-O-methyl-β-d-galactosyl residues by 1,5-linked 3-O-methyl-α-l-arabinofuranoside chains. 3-O-methyl-arabinose and 3-O-methyl-galactose have first ever been reported in any polysaccharide and Tinospora genus, respectively.

β-glucans from Agaricus bisporus mushroom products drive Trained Immunity

“…The region between 3.0 ppm and 4.0 ppm with relatively high peak abundance denotes adequate amounts of glucans as discerned by the cyclic protons of glucosyl moieties. Though a sharp signal occurs at δ1.36 in the aliphatic region, it corresponds neither to methyl group at C6 of deoxy sugars [fucose (δ1.26) or rhamnose (δ1.18)] ( 51 , 52 ), nor represents -OCH 3 group as in 3- O -methylgalactose (δ3.45), a moiety commonly produced by oyster mushroom, Pleurotus citrinopileatus ( 53 ).…”

Neutral Polysaccharide from the Leaves of Pseuderanthemum carruthersii: Presence of 3-O-Methyl Galactose and Anti-Inflammatory Activity in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells

“…Previously, 3- O -methyl galactose has been found in the genus Pleurotus [26,27]. Recently, a polysaccharide was isolated from Tinospora sinensis , also containing the composition of 3- O -methyl-arabinose, 3- O -methyl galactose and galactose with ratio (1.0:6.3:0.9) [15].…”

“…The pectic polymer isolated from the bark of the tree Ulmus glabra contained 1,4-linked 3- O -methyl galactose as well as terminal units [19]. A neutral polymer from Acanthus ebracteatus was found to be composed of mainly β-1,4-linked galactose and 3- O -methyl galactose [11], and Nagar et al [15] discovered a polymer from Tinospora sinensis composed basically of 1,4-linked 3- O -methyl galactose and galactose with 3- O -methyl arabinofuranose on Position 6 of 3- O -methyl galactose. This latter polymer showed great similarity with the polymer isolated in the present study of Pseuderanthemum carruthersii.…”

“…Mannogalactan from Pleurotus sajor-caju consists of 3- O -methyl galactose, mannose, and galactose, and had anti-inflammatory effects and reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema [13]. Additionally, bioactive heteropolysaccharides from the medicinal fungus Inonotus obliquus (Chaga) and Tinospora sinensis also contained the uncommon 3- O -methyl galactose [14,15].…”

Structural analysis and antioxidant activity of an arabinoxylan from Malvastrum coromandelianum L. (Garcke)

“…In our laboratory, the polysaccharides from plant species used in traditional medicine are being characterized, and their activity proles are being studied to provide leads for future drug development based on their structure-activity relationships. [15][16][17][18][19] In our continuous endeavor towards this goal, it was observed that a polysaccharide from Malvastrum coromandelianum (Garcke) Linn showed signicant ferric ion reducing ability using the potassium ferricyanide assay. Interestingly, M. coromandelianum is an alien weed species found throughout India; 20,21 it is known to possess diverse pharmacological and biological activities.…”