A Update on Early Detection and Management of Diabetes: Comparison of Fasting Serum Glucagon among Diabetics and Non-Diabetics

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is a well- known disease that is spreading globally and causing many other complications like nephropathy, eye disorders, foot disease and other heart related diseases. It also has a high mortality rate. Glucagon is the principal hyperglycemic hormone, and acts as a counterbalancing hormone to insulin. Its level increases in early stages of diabetes, however with the progression of disease it gradually decreases in diabetic patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the glucagon levels in diabetics and non-diabetics. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which the data and blood samples of diabetics and non-diabetics with or without family history of diabetes were collected during December 2022 to May 2023. Then by SDS Page analysis glucagon levels were estimated in the blood samples of participants and results were analyzed by SPSS statistical version 25.0. Results: In Group A, 25 (83.33%) had high levels of fasting serum glucagon while in group B only 18 (60%) had raised serum glucagon levels with the p value of 0.001. High glucagon level was observed in non-diabetics with family history of diabetes, as maximum number of participants 60% (n=18) with high level glucagon fall in this group. The p value is 0.001 shows the association between glucagon and family history of nondiabetic is significant. Conclusion: Fasting serum glucagon could be an early sign of insulin resistance in non-diabetics and diabetics. Therefore, in clinical management of glucagon level must be accounted and managed accordingly.