A utilização de imagens na identificação humana em odontologia legal

Abstract

Este artigo de revisão sistemática tem por objetivo citar os métodos de identificação humana por meio da radiologia, utilizados em odontologia legal. Para isso, realizou-se revisão de literatura com 19 trabalhos selecionados dentre 45 encontrados, após aplicação de critérios de inclusão. Há diversas técnicas radiológicas que podem ser utilizadas para auxiliar na identificação humana, tanto individual como geral, incluindo a determinação do gênero, do grupo étnico e, principalmente, da idade. A análise de radiografias e tomografias ante-mortem e post-mortem tornou-se uma ferramenta fundamental nos processos de identificação em odontologia legal, principalmente com o refinamento das técnicas adquiridas com o avanço da própria radio-logia e com a incorporação da informática. Conclui-se que a partir do conhecimento adequado dos métodos disponíveis, o profissional em odontologia legal pode optar pelo método que melhor preencha as características necessárias para o sucesso da identificação, tendo cuidado na aplicação correta da técnica e na interpretação precisa das informações obtidas.

Forensic application of the frontal and maxillary sinuses: A literature review

“…The analysis of the frontal sinuses has become quite solidly in the literature as a secure method for comparative radiographic studies that promote human identification [1,2,4,8,12,14,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22], due to the fact these sinuses are unique to each individual [26,27,29], even among monozygotic twins [2].…”

“…The uniqueness of frontal sinus is justified by the large interindividual variation [1,4,6,8,12,14,22,27] as the size, shape, symmetry, outer edges, presence and number of septa [12]; therefore this analysis meets the requirements of uniqueness, permanence, immutability [1], providing technical and scientific information to be used in forensic identification [8]. Comparisons of data provided by the specifics of the frontal sinus were feasible in most cases, with the remaining usually prevented by positioning the influence of radiographic examination, as well as the quality of the radiographs [17].…”

“…In cases where these traditional methods are unfeasible, there is the study of anthropometric characteristics, as a secondary method in human identification, and, this method is reliable and essential to guide the identification procedure [8,9] and still gains importance when combined with Forensic Dentistry [1,3,5,7,8,10,11], can avail of information able to set the identity [7,8,[12][13][14] from comparative analysis of anatomical variations [1,6,13,15].…”

“…The frontal sinus has become quite solidly in the literature as a safe method [1,4,8,12,16] for comparative radiographic studies to get the identification [1,2,4,8,12,14,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Regarding the use of the maxillary sinus, their characteristics Contents lists available at ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jofri Table 1 Papers about human identification and sex determination through the frontal and maxillary sinuses.…”

Potential contribution of periapical radiographic film image processing for forensic identification

“…X-rays are the most common complementary tests in dental clinic and are also the most requested to determine the identification of corpses in various putrefaction stages. Frontal and lateral cephalometric, panoramic, bite-wing, occlusal and periapical x-rays are some of the documents that integrate the standard dental record [3][4][5][6] . Dental radiographs allow an accurate documentation record of anatomic-clinical features of dental arches [7][8] .…”