A vaccination and challenge model using calcein marked fish

Evaluation of a cohabitation challenge model in immunization trials for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

“…Cohabitation challenges have been used in studies for evaluating protective immunity of vaccinated fish against bacteria (Erdal & Reitan 1992, Klesius et al 2006) and viruses (Raynard et al 2001). In a recent study, sham-vaccinated Nile tilapia marked with calcein were cohabited with vaccinated tilapia and then challenged to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination (Klesius et al 2006).…”

“…In a recent study, sham-vaccinated Nile tilapia marked with calcein were cohabited with vaccinated tilapia and then challenged to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination (Klesius et al 2006). In their model, the vaccinated and control fish were cohabited throughout the entire evaluation period by using a non-invasive calcein marking technique.…”

“…Alternately, cohabitation is considered one of the best models for evaluating protective immunity, since immunized and non-immunized fish are held in the same rearing unit (Nordmo 1997, Klesius et al 2006, thereby decreasing the chance for variation between experimental units, such as the number of infective pathogens, exposure time, temperature, water quality, volume of flowing water, and amount of feed provided. Immune and nonimmune fish can be differentiated in the same tank by marking.…”

“…Immune and nonimmune fish can be differentiated in the same tank by marking. There are several techniques available for marking fish, including fin clips, percutaneous tags, visible implant tags, coded wire tags and a fluorescent chromophore, calcein (Klesius et al 2006). Tilapia immersed in 500 mg l -1 calcein solution for 4 h bore detectable fluorescent marking for longer than 45 d without undue stress or mortality (Klesius et al 2006).…”

Evaluation of marking efficiency of different alizarin red S concentrations on body fish structures in <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> (Perciformes: Cichlidae) juveniles

“…Different chemicals have been successfully used for fish and specifically, several for cichlids. Klesius et al (2006), used calceine to discriminate between a vaccinated population of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) and other not treated populations. They found a detectable fluorescent band following a fourhour-bath in 500mg/l.…”