A Vademecum on Blockchain Technologies: When, Which, and How

Belotti, Marianna; Božić, Nikola; Pujolle, Guy; Secci, Stefano

doi:10.1109/comst.2019.2928178

Cited by 360 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Belotti et al [23] provides a vademecum on blockchain technology including development history, transaction and ledger structure, blockchain system abstraction, consensus mechanisms, and a detailed guide on when and how to use which blockchain technology. The consensus mechanisms covered include PoW, PoS, BFT algorithms, and hybrid BFTbased algorithms.…”

Section: Previous Surveys and Tutorialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Distributed Consensus Protocols for Blockchain Networks

Xiao

Zhang

Lou

et al. 2020

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

688

304

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Since the inception of Bitcoin, cryptocurrencies and the underlying blockchain technology have attracted an increasing interest from both academia and industry. Among various core components, consensus protocol is the defining technology behind the security and performance of blockchain. From incremental modifications of Nakamoto consensus protocol to innovative alternative consensus mechanisms, many consensus protocols have been proposed to improve the performance of the blockchain network itself or to accommodate other specific application needs.In this survey, we present a comprehensive review and analysis on the state-of-the-art blockchain consensus protocols. To facilitate the discussion of our analysis, we first introduce the key definitions and relevant results in the classic theory of fault tolerance which help to lay the foundation for further discussion. We identify five core components of a blockchain consensus protocol, namely, block proposal, block validation, information propagation, block finalization, and incentive mechanism. A wide spectrum of blockchain consensus protocols are then carefully reviewed accompanied by algorithmic abstractions and vulnerability analyses. The surveyed consensus protocols are analyzed using the five-component framework and compared with respect to different performance metrics. These analyses and comparisons provide us new insights in the fundamental differences of various proposals in terms of their suitable application scenarios, key assumptions, expected fault tolerance, scalability, drawbacks and trade-offs. We believe this survey will provide blockchain developers and researchers a comprehensive view on the state-ofthe-art consensus protocols and facilitate the process of designing future protocols.

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Section: Previous Surveys and Tutorialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Distributed Consensus Protocols for Blockchain Networks

Xiao

Zhang

Lou

et al. 2020

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

688

304

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Various applications are implemented using such a technology, such as SDVNs [81], 5G [82], IoT [83]. The elaborate working methodology and applications of blockchain technology are explained in [84]- [88].…”

Section: B Blockchainmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Survey: Benefits, Services, Recent Works, Challenges, Security, and Use Cases for SDN-VANET

et al. 2020

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Vehicular communication networks is a powerful tool that enables numerous vehicular data services and applications. The rapid growth in vehicles has also resulted in the vehicular network becoming heterogeneous, dynamic, and large-scale, making it hard to meet the strict requirements, such as extremely latency, high mobility, top security, and enormous connections of the fifth-generation network. Previous studies have shown that with the increase in the application of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) on Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) in industries, researchers have exerted considerable efforts to improve vehicular communications. This study presents an exhaustive review of previous works by classifying them based on based on wireless communication, particularly VANET. First, a concise summary of the VANET structure and SDN controller with layers and details of their infrastructure is provided. Second, a description of SDN-VANET applications in different wireless communications, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and VANET is provided with concentration on the examination and comparison of SDN-VANET works on several parameters. This paper also provides a detailed analysis of the open issues and research directions accomplished while integrating the VANET with SDN. It also highlights the current and emerging technologies with use cases in vehicular networks to address the several challenges in the VANET infrastructure. This survey acts as a catalyst in raising the emergent robustness routing protocol, latency, connectivity and security issues of future SDN-VANET architectures. INDEX TERMS Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), SDN, 5G, Internet of Vehicles (IoV), routing protocol, connectivity, mobility management, security.

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“…However, the information stored in such systems may be affected by cyberattacks (e.g., Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks) that affect the availability of the data, and their trustworthiness and integrity. Due to such problems, DLTs like blockchain have been proposed as an alternative for storing certain data (or a proof of such data) securely and between entities that may not trust each other [137][138][139][140][141].…”

Section: Storage Subsystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on IoT Deep Learning UAV Systems for Autonomous Obstacle Detection and Collision Avoidance

et al. 2019

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Advances in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, offer unprecedented opportunities to boost a wide array of large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Nevertheless, UAV platforms still face important limitations mainly related to autonomy and weight that impact their remote sensing capabilities when capturing and processing the data required for developing autonomous and robust real-time obstacle detection and avoidance systems. In this regard, Deep Learning (DL) techniques have arisen as a promising alternative for improving real-time obstacle detection and collision avoidance for highly autonomous UAVs. This article reviews the most recent developments on DL Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) and provides a detailed explanation on the main DL techniques. Moreover, the latest DL-UAV communication architectures are studied and their most common hardware is analyzed. Furthermore, this article enumerates the most relevant open challenges for current DL-UAV solutions, thus allowing future researchers to define a roadmap for devising the new generation affordable autonomous DL-UAV IoT solutions.

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A Vademecum on Blockchain Technologies: When, Which, and How

Cited by 360 publications

References 113 publications

A Survey of Distributed Consensus Protocols for Blockchain Networks

A Survey of Distributed Consensus Protocols for Blockchain Networks

A Comprehensive Survey: Benefits, Services, Recent Works, Challenges, Security, and Use Cases for SDN-VANET

A Review on IoT Deep Learning UAV Systems for Autonomous Obstacle Detection and Collision Avoidance

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