A Vulnerability Assessment in Scant Data Context: The Case of North Horr Sub-County

Bigi, Velia; Pezzoli, Alessandro; Comino, Elena; Rosso, Maurizio

doi:10.3390/su12156024

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…There are multiple weighting strategies for determining indexes, some of which are derived from mathematical models, such as principal component analysis (PCA), data envelope analysis and non-observed component models (UCM), or participatory approaches such as budget allocation processes (BAP) [29,30]. Additionally, many studies have used composite indicators based on equal weighting (EW), i.e., for each component (E, S and AC) all indicators are provided the same weight [31][32][33].…”

Section: Flood Vulnerability Index Methodologies For Weighting Indicmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Operational Framework for Urban Vulnerability to Floods in the Guayas Estuary Region: The Duran Case Study

et al. 2020

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Duran is a coastal city located in the Guayas Estuary region in which 24% of urban sectors suffers from the effects of chronic flooding. This study seeks to assess the causes of Duran’s vulnerability by considering exposure, population sensitivity and adaptive capacity to establish alternatives to reduce its vulnerability to flooding. An operational framework is proposed based on the vulnerability definition of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and applying a census-based Index of Vulnerability, a geographic information system and local knowledge of urban development. A Principal Component and equal weighting analysis were applied as well as a spatial clustering to explore the spatial vulnerability across the city. A total of 34% of the city area is mapped as having high and very high vulnerability, mostly occupied by informal settlements (e.g., 288 hectares). Underlying factors were poor quality housing, lack of city services and low adaptive capacity of the community. However, some government housing programs (e.g., El Recreo), with better housing and adaptive capacity were also highly vulnerable. Limited urban planning governance has led to the overloading of storm water and drainage infrastructure which cause chronic flooding. Understanding the underlying causes of vulnerability is critical in order develop integrated strategies that increase city resilience to climate change.

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Section: Flood Vulnerability Index Methodologies For Weighting Indicmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Operational Framework for Urban Vulnerability to Floods in the Guayas Estuary Region: The Duran Case Study

et al. 2020

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“…The results of these computations, along with many others, could be eventually used to enhance site assessment vulnerability to NO 3 − , even in those areas where a direct measurement of DNT rates is not available. Furthermore, where data are scant, new approaches to evaluate groundwater vulnerability have been recently proposed [165] that leave behind the concept of rating methods to consider NO 3 − contamination, suggesting specific sub-indicators of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity according to the indications of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [166,167].…”

Section: The Role Of Denitrification In Groundwater Vulnerability Ass...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Denitrification in Intrinsic and Specific Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment: A Review

2021

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Several groundwater vulnerability methodologies have been implemented throughout the years to face the increasing worldwide groundwater pollution, ranging from simple rating methodologies to complex numerical, statistical, and hybrid methods. Most of these methods have been used to evaluate groundwater vulnerability to nitrate, which is considered the major groundwater contaminant worldwide. Together with dilution, the degradation of nitrate via denitrification has been acknowledged as a process that can reduce reactive nitrogen mass loading rates in both deep and shallow aquifers. Thus, denitrification should be included in groundwater vulnerability studies and integrated into the various methodologies. This work reviewed the way in which denitrification has been considered within the vulnerability assessment methods and how it could increase the reliability of the overall results. Rating and statistical methods often disregard or indirectly incorporate denitrification, while numerical models make use of kinetic reactions that are able to quantify the spatial and temporal variations of denitrification rates. Nevertheless, the rating methods are still the most utilized, due to their linear structures, especially in watershed studies. More efforts should be paid in future studies to implement, calibrate, and validate user-friendly vulnerability assessment methods that are able to deal with denitrification capacity and rates at large spatial and temporal scales.

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“…Other changes over the last 20–30 years have included increased settlement close to water sources (Hazard et al, 2012), increased incidences of water‐borne diseases such as cholera and dysentery (Shivoga & Coppock, 2003; Wayua, 2017), other human and livestock health‐related challenges associated with water salinity (Rosinger et al, 2021) and nitrate poisoning of boreholes (Shivairo et al, 2014), and increased conflict over access to traditional water points now located in Protected Areas (Hazard & Adongo, 2015). Local inhabitants also report deterioration in water quality and falling water level in the underground Merti transboundary aquifer (Bigi et al, 2020) that crosscuts the eastern margins of Marsabit County extending south and east across Isiolo, Wajir, and Garissa Counties, and adjacent areas of Somalia (Abiye, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes to water management and declining pastoral resilience in Marsabit County, northern Kenya: The example of Gabra wells

M'Mbogori

Kinyua

Ibrae³

et al. 2022

WIREs Water

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In this article, we provide a review of research on the existing and abandoned wells in Marsabit County, Northern Kenya, and associated Indigenous Knowledge concerning water governance, institutions of leadership, and how these have contributed to sustaining a resilient pastoral economy in these harsh landscapes. The article discusses the socio‐ecological systems that have been maintained by pastoralists for generations, linking their sustainability to leadership structures and institutional memory, with a particular focus on the Gabra. It further highlights internal and external interventions by governmental and nongovernmental organizations that are expected to improve the livelihoods of the Gabra and other pastoralists inhabiting the area, but have sometimes had a negative effect on the traditional strategies of water governance and socio‐ecological systems, undermining the long‐term viability of the pastoral economy in Marsabit. This article is categorized under: Human Water > Water Governance Human Water > Value of Water Human Water > Rights to Water

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A Vulnerability Assessment in Scant Data Context: The Case of North Horr Sub-County

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

An Operational Framework for Urban Vulnerability to Floods in the Guayas Estuary Region: The Duran Case Study

An Operational Framework for Urban Vulnerability to Floods in the Guayas Estuary Region: The Duran Case Study

Denitrification in Intrinsic and Specific Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment: A Review

Changes to water management and declining pastoral resilience in Marsabit County, northern Kenya: The example of Gabra wells

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