A watermarking system for adaptive streaming

Jarnikov, Dmitri; Hietbrink, Erik; Arana, Mark; Doumene, Jeroen M.

doi:10.1109/icce.2014.6776048

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…When client's devices cannot be modified or sufficiently trusted, it is still possible to apply uncompressed-domain and in-the-loop watermarking methods in a scalable system, often called A/B watermarking or two-step watermarking [8]- [10]. More specifically, only a small number of watermarked versions of each segment of the video are created and multiplexed in order to send a unique video to each user.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, previous work proposed to introduce a watermark by changing a single coding decision while preserving all other coding information, but had a non-negligible negative impact on the visual quality and bit rate [7]. In order to use imperceptible watermarking methods in a scalable system, solutions have been proposed that create only a small number of watermarked versions of each segment of the video, and mix these segments in order to send a unique video to each user [8]- [10]. However, most importantly, state-ofthe-art methods that embed the watermark before or during compression still objectively degrade the video quality or increase the bit rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rate-Distortion-Preserving Forensic Watermarking Using Quantization Parameter Variation

et al. 2020

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Watermarking enables the identification of digital pirates that illegally redistribute copyrightprotected videos. One of the main challenges is for the watermark to be imperceptible, while not increasing the video bit rate. Additionally, the system should be robust to attacks that attempt to remove the watermark. Therefore, this paper proposes a robust watermarking technique that does not degrade the video quality nor negatively affect the video bit rate. In other words, it preserves the video encoder's compression efficiency or rate-distortion performance. For watermark embedding, the quantization parameters are varied during video compression. As a result, different compression artifacts are introduced, although they do not distort the video more than those that occur during ordinary video compression. The collection of artifacts represents the watermark and is used for watermark detection. The experimental results prove that the proposed approach retains the rate-distortion performance better than state-of-the-art techniques. Furthermore, the watermarks are robust to recompression and noise attacks. In conclusion, the proposed method enables content providers to perform forensic watermarking without affecting the compression efficiency. INDEX TERMS Video watermarking, imperceptibility, compression efficiency, video security.

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Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate-Distortion-Preserving Forensic Watermarking Using Quantization Parameter Variation

et al. 2020

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“…This compression is an unintentional attack on the watermark and, more importantly, is a very complex and computationally expensive process. However, methods exist to lower the complexity of compression for watermarked videos [13], or to reduce the number of required watermarked videos [14]. In this way, these methods can be deployed at scale in practice.…”

Section: Forensic Watermarkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is also a limitation, since compressing every watermarked video is not very scalable. However, the watermarking and compression can be made faster in practice, for example using a fast compression architecture [13] or using the A/B watermarking framework [14].…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Fallback Watermark Detection Using Perceptual Hashes

et al. 2021

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Forensic watermarking is often used to enable the tracing of digital pirates that leak copyright-protected videos. However, existing watermarking methods have a limited robustness and may be vulnerable to targeted attacks. Our previous work proposed a fallback detection method that uses secondary watermarks rather than the primary watermarks embedded by existing methods. However, the previously proposed fallback method is slow and requires access to all watermarked videos. This paper proposes to make the fallback watermark detection method faster using perceptual hashes instead of uncompressed secondary watermark signals. These perceptual hashes can be calculated prior to detection, such that the actual detection process is sped up with a factor of approximately 26,000 to 92,000. In this way, the proposed method tackles the main criticism about practical usability of the slow fallback method. The fast detection comes at the cost of a modest decrease in robustness, although the fast fallback detection method can still outperform the existing primary watermark method. In conclusion, the proposed method enables fast and more robust detection of watermarks that were embedded by existing watermarking methods.

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“…Another drawback of uncompressed-domain methods is that every watermarked video needs to be compressed separately, which limits their scalability. Nonetheless, scalable solutions such as A/B watermarking [4] and architectures that re-use coding information during compression [5] enable practical usage of uncompressed-domain watermarking [6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Camcording-Resistant Forensic Watermarking Fallback System Using Secondary Watermark Signal

Mareen

Courteaux

Praeter

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol.

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Forensic watermarking is used to track down digital pirates after they illegally redistribute video content. Although existing algorithms often resist common signal processing attacks, they are not always robust against camcording attacks. As a solution in the state of the art, registration methods are used to align the attacked video to the original one. However, watermark detection still fails when the quality is sufficiently decreased or when exposed to targeted attacks. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel fallback system that aims to detect the watermark when traditional methods fail. More concretely, we demonstrate that a primary watermark embedded by a traditional scheme indirectly creates a secondary watermark signal during video encoding. This secondary watermark consists of compression artifacts and is detected by the fallback system. Additionally, the proposed system incorporates video registration to cope with camcording attacks. The experimental results indicate that the fallback system has a striking increase in robustness compared to the existing methods. For example, the observed false-negative rate for targeted attacks improves from 100% to 0%. Moreover, the fallback is camcording resistant even when the traditional method combined with registration is not. In conclusion, the proposed system can be used as a fallback when traditional detection fails.

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A watermarking system for adaptive streaming

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Rate-Distortion-Preserving Forensic Watermarking Using Quantization Parameter Variation

Rate-Distortion-Preserving Forensic Watermarking Using Quantization Parameter Variation

Fast Fallback Watermark Detection Using Perceptual Hashes

Camcording-Resistant Forensic Watermarking Fallback System Using Secondary Watermark Signal

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